UROLOGY > BLADDER > Flashcards

BLADDER Flashcards

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1
Q

Parts of FOLEY’S CATHETER

A
  1. Ballon
  2. Drainage
  3. Irrigation: to prevent clot retention
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2
Q

Size of FOLEY’S CATHETER
🧠⚡GORY ⚡
🧠⚡Gand Chod (14) ⚡
🧠⚡ YellOw ➡️ II0 ➡️ 20 ⚡
🧠⚡ Tan = Ten⚡

A
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3
Q

French constitutes what of the FOLEY’S CATHETER

A

Outer Circumference

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4
Q

💊💉 MANAGEMENT of STUCK FOLEY BALLON

A

USG guided SUPRAPUBIC PUNCTURE of Ballon

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5
Q

💊💉 MANAGEMENT of PERICATHETER LEAKAGE

A

✨ INFLATE the BALLON further
✨ Large sized FOLEY’S

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6
Q

🌸 TYPES of FOLEY’S CATHETER

A
  1. Rubber
  2. Silicon
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7
Q

Duration for which FOLEY’s CATHETER can be kept in place

A
  1. Rubber: 7 days
  2. Silicon: 30-35 days
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8
Q

Benefit of SILICONE FOLEY’S CATHETER

A

Less Bacterial Colonization

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9
Q

🩺 IOC for BLADDER TRAUMA
⭐ STABLE patient
⭐ UNSTABLE patient

A

⭐ STABLE patient
🎯 CT UROGRAPHY / CT CYSTOGRAM

⭐ UNSTABLE patient
🎯 CYSTOGRAM

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10
Q

🧑🏻‍⚕️ Clinical Features of EXTRAPERITONEAL BLADDER TRAUMA

A
  1. 2° PELVIC TRAUMA
  2. Blood at TIP OF MEATUS
  3. Inability to PASS URINE
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11
Q

EXTRAPERITONEAL BLADDER TRAUMA is ASSOCIATED with

A
  1. 2° to PELVIC TRAUMA
  2. PROXIMAL URETHRAL INJURY
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12
Q

🧑🏻‍⚕️ Clinical Features of INTRAPERITONEAL BLADDER TRAUMA

A
  1. Syncopal Attack
  2. Peritonitis
  3. Pain in Abdomen
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13
Q

💊💉 MANAGEMENT of EXTRAPERITONEAL BLADDER TRAUMA

A

⭐ 7 DAYS
FOLEY’S CATHETER
(OR)
SUPRAPUBIC CATHETER

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14
Q

💊💉 MANAGEMENT of INTRAPERITONEAL BLADDER TRAUMA

A
  1. Laparotomy
  2. Repair of BLADDER in 2 layers
  3. FOLEY’S or SUPRAPUBIC catheterization
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15
Q

Types of BLADDER DIVERTICULUM

A

🎯 CONGENITAL
🎯 PULSION

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16
Q

Congenital BLADDER DIVERTICULUM occurs in the region of

A

Persistent URACHUS

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17
Q

⭐ Location of Congenital BLADDER DIVERTICULUM

A

✨ MIDLINE
✨ ANTERO-SUPERIOR Direction

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18
Q

PULSION BLADDER seen in

A

DUE TO: INCREASED BLADDER PRESSURE
🎯 BPH
🎯 BLADDER OUTLET OBSTRUCTION

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19
Q

Location on PULSION BLADDER DIVERTICULUM

A

Near the URETERIC ORIFICE

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20
Q

🩺⚔️ Clinical Features of BLADDER DIVERTICULA

A
  1. Frequency ⬆️
  2. UTI ⬆️
  3. Posture change cause Urge to pass urine
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21
Q

Complications of BLADDER DIVERTICULUM

A
  1. Stone Formation
  2. UTI Recurrent
  3. Obstruction
  4. Cancer
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22
Q

💊💉MANAGEMENT of BLADDER DIVERTICULUM

A

Diverticulectomy

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23
Q

Genes associated with Bladder Cancer

A
  1. NAT2
  2. GSTM1 (Mu gene)
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24
Q

Cancers in BLADDER: Types

A
  1. Transitional cell Carcinoma: ⚡⚡ MOST COMMON
  2. Squamous Cell Carcinoma
  3. Adenocarcinoma
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25
⚒️ RISK FACTORS for TRANSITIONAL CELL CARCINOMA 🧠💡3C💡
1. Cyclophosphamide 2. Chemicals: Aniline Dyes 3. Cigarette SMOKING
26
⚒️ RISK FACTORS for SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA 🧠💡2S💡
1. Smoking 2. Schistosomiasis
27
⚒️ RISK FACTORS for ADENOCARCINOMA BLADDER
Region of PERSISTANT URACHUS & TRIGONE
28
Bilharziasis
Premalignant condition caused by Schistosomiasis ⬇️ Leads to Bladder Cancer
29
🩺⚔️ Clinical Features of BLADDER CANCER
Painless Gross Heamaturia
30
Painless Gross Heamaturia 🎯 DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 🎯
1. Bladder Cancer 2. BPH
31
USG KUB in Bladder Cancer detects
1. Growth (OR) Clots in Bladder 2. Status of Lymph Node
32
Investigation to confirm Bladder Cancer
Cystoscopy & Biopsy ⬇️ Excise the lesion using Cautery till Base, then ⬇️ Cold Cup Biopsy from Base (without cautery): Determines the depth of invasion
33
🩺 IOC for staging Bladder Cancer
MRI
34
Urinary Marker for Bladder Cancer
NMP-22 (Nuclear Membrane Protein 22)
35
Marker which can be used to check Recurrance of Bladder Cancer
NMP-22
36
pT in Bladder Cancer
Ta: Non-invasive Papillary CARCINOMA T1: invades Lamina Propria T2: invades Muscularis Propria T3: invades Perivesical Tissue T4: invades Adjacent Organs
37
M staging of Bladder Cancer
M0 : No mets M1 M1a : Non-regional LN only M1b : Non-LN Distant Mets
38
N1 Bladder Cancer
Perivesical LN involved
39
Grading of Bladder Cancer
G1 G2 G3
40
Staging of Dverticular BLADDER cancer has NO
T2 stage
41
1st Lymph Node to drain BLADDER Cancer
Obturator Lymph Node
42
Field Cancerization is seen in 🧠💡COB💡
1. Colorectal Cancer 2. Oral cancer 3. BLADDER Entire area is prone to develop Cancer ⬇️ Multiple Cancers can ARISE
43
💊💉MANAGEMENT of SUPERFICIAL BLADDER Cancer
44
💊💉MANAGEMENT of pT1 Multiple Tumours, Grade 3 & associated with in situ disease
Radical Cystectomy
45
💊💉MANAGEMENT of T2 BLADDER CANCER
Surgery ⬇️ Chemotherapy ➕ Radiotherapy
46
💊💉MANAGEMENT of T3 & T4 BLADDER Cancer
Chemotherapy ⬇️ Good Response ⬇️ Surgery ➕ Radiotherapy
47
Chemotherapy regimen used for BLADDER Cancer 🧠💡M-VAC💡
1. Methotrexate 2. Vinblastine 3. Adriamycin 4. Cisplatin
48
Intravesical Chemotherapy USED FOR 🧠💡MAT💡
pTa ✨ Mitomycin C ✨ Adriamycin ✨ Thiotepa
49
Intravesical Immunotherapy done with
6 cycles of BCG
50
Surgery done in Advanced BLADDER Cancer
Urinary Diversion ➕ 1. Partial Cystectomy 2. Radical Cystectomy
51
Indication of Partial Cystectomy in Bladder Cancer
1. Partial Tumour involving DOME 2. Not involving URETERIC Orifice
52
RADICAL Cystectomy in Bladder Cancer Structures Removed
1. Removal of Blaader 2. Obturator & Iliac Lymph Nodes 3. Prostate in ♂️ 4. Urethra & Abdominal Hysterectomy in ♀️
53
Urinary DIVERSION Types
1. Non-continent ✨ Ureterosigmoid Anastamosis ✨ Ileal Conduit 2. Continent ✨ Creation of a NEW BLADDER
54
Neobladder is creates using
Ileum
55
⚡⚡ MOST COMMON NON-CONTINENT URINARY DIVERSION
Ileal Conduit
56
COMPLICATIONS of Ileal Conduit
1. Necrosis of Ileostomy 2. Stricture at site of anastamosis of Ureter & Ileum 3. Hyperchloremic Hypokalemic Metabolic Acidosis NAGMA
57
COMPLICATIONS of Ureterosigmoid Anastomosis
1. 100 times risk for development of COLON ADENOCARCINOMA 2. ⬆️ UTI RISK 3. Hyperchloremic Hypokalemic Metabolic Acidosis NAGMA
58
⚡⚡ MOST IMPORTANT PROGNOSTIC FACTOR FOR BLADDER CANCER
Depth of Invasion T-stage
59
Hunner's ulcer (OR) Interstitial Cystitis 🩺⚔️ Clinical Features
Seen in ♀️ 1. Pain 2. ⬆️ Frequency of Micturation 3. Over distension of Bladder
60
Biopsy of HUNNER'S ULCER reveal
Lymphocytic Infiltration
61
💊💉MANAGEMENT of HUNNER'S ULCER
1. Hydrostatic Dissection 2. Dimethylsulphoxide
62
Difference BETWEEN Acute & Chronic Retention of Urine
UROLOGY
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