1
Q
what is an upper GI bleed
A
bleeding in the oesophagus, stomach or duodenum
2
Q
what can cause an upper GI bleed
A
oesophageal varices mallory-weiss tear gastritis peptic ulcers malignancy
3
Q
how may an upper GI bleed present
A
haematemesis melaena haemodynamic instability - low BP, tachycardia epigastric pain - if ulcer jaundice - if oesophageal varices
4
Q
what investigations would you do for an upper GI bleed
A
endoscopy
bloods - urea, FBC, coagulation, LFTs, crossmatch
5
Q
how would you treat an upper GI bleed
A
ABATED ABCDE approach to resuscitation bloods access - two large bore cannula transfusion - not too much, can cause harm endoscopy drugs - stop NSAIDS and anti-coagulants ultimately treat the underlying cause
6
Q
what is a lower GI bleed
A
bleeding anywhere from the jejunum to the anus
7
Q
what can cause a lower GI bleed
A
IBD polyps diverticulitis malignancy angiodysplasia infectious diarrhoea haemorrhoids
8
Q
how may a lower GI bleed present
A
magenta stools
blood on stool/tissue
crampy abdominal pain
9
Q
what investigations would you do for a lower GI bleed
A
bloods
]sigmoidoscopy
capsule endoscopy
Meckle’s scan
10
Q
how would you manage a lower GI bleed
A
stratify risks can resolve it's self treat underlying cause angio-phototherapy if angiodysplasia IV fluids if needed
