Block Test #2

Question 1

How long does a bee continue to sting?

Answer 1

20 minutes

Question 2

A medication delivery route through the skin

Answer 2

Transcutaneous

Question 3

Narcan/noxalone dosage

Answer 3

2mg each nostril. Administered intranasally.

Question 4

Giving Narcan to an unconscious patient can cause:

Answer 4

Seizure

Question 5

Alupent and Albuterol

Answer 5

Common prescribed metered-dose inhalers for asthma patients. Chemical cousins of epinephrine that produce fewer side effects and act more specifically on the bronchi of the lungs. Slow acting and meant to be taken regularly. Not effective for patients suffering acute respiratory distress in need of immediate relief.

Question 6

Early stage of shock in which the body can still compensate for blood loss.

Answer 6

Compensated shock

Question 7

Late stage of shock when blood pressure is falling. Irreversible.

Answer 7

Decompensated Shock

Question 8

A heart attack; death of heart muscle following obstruction of blood flow to it; the attack is new or happening right now.

Answer 8

Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI)

Question 9

Disorder in which the heart loses part of its ability to effectively pump blood, usually as a result of damage to the heart muscle and usually resulting in backup of fluid into the lungs.

Answer 9

Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)

Question 10

Why don’t most people with heart problems go to the hospital?

Answer 10

Denial

Question 11

What should an EMT do if they are bagging a patient and gastric distention occurs (bloating of the stomach from air being pumped into it)?

Answer 11

Reposition the head and continue bagging as the gastric distention indicates inadequate airflow to the lungs.

Question 12

What should a person do if they witness another person go down and don’t have access to a phone?

Answer 12

Perform CPR for 2 minutes then find a phone.

Question 13

When can TB be transferred?

Answer 13

When the host has an active infection (signs/symptoms)

Question 14

• Route of infection = inhalation, mucous membrane exposure, oral, or intravenously.
• Incubation period is hours or days
• Severity of this type of hepatitis is dependent upon -amount of agent absorbed and duration of exposure
• Not contagious
• No vaccine is available.
• Patients may have liver damage and jaundice

Answer 14

Toxin-enduced Hepatitis

Question 15

• Includes Hep A, Hep B, Hep C, and Hep D
• Route of infection = blood, sex, saliva, urine, breast milk, infected food/drink,
• Incubation period = 2-12wks
• Vaccine available for Hep A and B

Answer 15

Viral-enduced Hepatits

Question 16

Difference between toxin and viral hepatitis

Answer 16

One is communicable

Question 17

Bacterium that can cause infections in different parts of the body and is often resistant to commonly used antibiotics. Transmitted by respiratory route, found on the skin, in surgical wounds, in the blood stream, lungs, and urinary tract.

Answer 17

What is Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)?

Question 18

Method of ventilation used primarily in the treatment of the critically ill patients with respiratory distress; can prevent the need for endotracheal intubation.

Answer 18

Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP)

Question 19

Drugs EMT can give:

Answer 19

Activated Charcoal.
Albuterol.
Aspirin.
Epinephrine, 1:1,000 via EpiPen® or vial.
Nitroglycerin (Tablet or Spray)
Oral Glucose Gel.
Oxygen.
Tylenol.

Question 20

When the level of arterial carbon dioxide rises above normal:

Answer 20

Respirations increase in rate and depth.

Question 21

Condition in which chronically low levels of oxygen in the blood stimulate the respiratory respiratory drive; seen in patients with chronic lung disease.

Answer 21

Hypoxic drive

Question 22

What respiratory diseases cause hypoxia?

Answer 22

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), emphysema, bronchitis, pneumonia, and pulmonary edema (fluid in the lungs)

lung damage as a result of trauma can cause hypoxia

Question 23

How does blood flow through the heart?

Answer 23

Right Side of the Heart

1. ) Blood enters the heart through two large veins, the inferior and superior vena cava, emptying oxygen-poor blood from the body into the right atrium of the heart.
2. ) As the atrium contracts, blood flows from your right atrium into your right ventricle through the open tricuspid valve.
3. ) When the ventricle is full, the tricuspid valve shuts. This prevents blood from flowing backward into the atria while the ventricle contracts.
4. ) As the ventricle contracts, blood leaves the heart through the pulmonic valve, into the pulmonary artery and to the lungs where it is oxygenated.

Left Side of the Heart

1. ) The pulmonary vein empties oxygen-rich blood from the lungs into the left atrium of the heart.
2. ) As the atrium contracts, blood flows from your left atrium into your left ventricle through the open mitral valve.
3. ) When the ventricle is full, the mitral valve shuts. This prevents blood from flowing backward into the atrium while the ventricle contracts.
4. ) As the ventricle contracts, blood leaves the heart through the aortic valve, into the aorta and to the body.

Question 24

A group of specialized cardiac muscle cells in the walls of the heart that send signals to the heart muscle causing it to contract. The main components of the system are the SA node, AV node, bundle of His, bundle branches, and Purkinje fibers.

Answer 24

The cardiac conduction system

Question 25

One of three divisions of the autonomic nervous system. Sometimes called the rest and digest system, the parasympathetic system conserves energy as it slows the heart rate, increases intestinal and gland activity, and relaxes sphincter muscles in the gastrointestinal tract.

Answer 25

The parasympathetic nervous system

Question 26

Activates the bodies fight or flight response. In the presence of stress the heart beats faster and stronger and more blood is carried to vital organ,the pupils dilate to prepare the body to defend itself.

Answer 26

sympathetic nervous system

Question 27

The myocardium receives oxygenated blood from the __________, which originate(s) from the __________.

Answer 27

coronary arteries, aorta

Question 28

Where are saphenous veins located?

Answer 28

Legs The great saphenous vein (GSV, alternately "long saphenous vein") is a large, subcutaneous, superficial vein of the leg. It is the longest vein in the body, running along the length of the lower limb. The lesser saphenous vein is a venous blood vessel that runs up the length of the leg. It originates from the junction formed between two small veins in the foot, the fifth toe's dorsal vein and the dorsal venous arch.

Question 29

What is an artifact as it pertains to the EKG?

Answer 29

In electrocardiography, an ECG artifact is used to indicate something that is not "heart-made." These include (but are not limited to) electrical interference by outside sources, electrical noise from elsewhere in the body, poor contact, and machine malfunction.

Question 30

A minimally invasive procedure to open up blocked coronary arteries, allowing blood to circulate unobstructed to the heart muscle.

Answer 30

Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA)

Question 31

If an automated implantable cardioverter defibrillator (AICD) is not working on a patient who is receiving CPR from an EMT, the EMT should:

Answer 31

Shock the patient with the AED

Question 32

An EMT should not take over CPR until:

Answer 32

Pulse is checked and confirmed strong to ensure high quality CPR has been performed.

Question 33

How to transport stable stroke patient:

Answer 33

45-90 degrees. Fowlers. Sitting upright.

Question 34

Functions of the liver:

Answer 34

Detoxifies chemicals and metabolizes drugs. As it does so, the liver secretes bile that ends up back in the intestines. The liver also makes proteins important for blood clotting and other functions.

Question 35

Functions of the spleen:

Answer 35

The spleen plays multiple supporting roles in the body. It acts as a filter for blood as part of the immune system. Old red blood cells are recycled in the spleen, and platelets and white blood cells are stored there. The spleen also helps fight certain kinds of bacteria that cause pneumonia and meningitis.

Question 36

a bulge in a section of the aorta, the body's main artery. The aorta carries oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the rest of the body. Because the section with the condition is overstretched and weak, it can burst.

Answer 36

aortic aneurysm (AAA)

Question 37

Major symptom of aortic aneurysm (AAA)

Answer 37

tearing pain

Question 38

Signs/symptoms of hyperglycemia:

Answer 38

``` Increased thirst. Headaches. Trouble concentrating. Blurred vision. Frequent peeing. Fatigue (weak, tired feeling) Weight loss. Blood sugar more than 180 mg/dL. ```

Question 39

Concentration of epinephrine

Answer 39

1:1,000

Question 40

a substance that causes an allergic reaction.

Answer 40

Allergen

Question 41

#1 cause of death for anaphylaxis

Answer 41

swelling of upper airway