Physiology > Blood > Flashcards

Blood Flashcards

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1
Q

Define blood.

A

A fluid connective tissue that transports nutrients, gases, and waste throughout the body.

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2
Q

What is the primary function of red blood cells?

A

To carry oxygen from the lungs to the body’s tissues.

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3
Q

True or false: Plasma is the liquid component of blood.

A

TRUE

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4
Q

Fill in the blank: White blood cells are crucial for _______.

A

immune response

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5
Q

What is the role of platelets?

A

To assist in blood clotting and prevent bleeding.

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6
Q

Define hemoglobin.

A

A protein in red blood cells that binds oxygen for transport.

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7
Q

What is blood type determined by?

A

The presence or absence of specific antigens on red blood cells.

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8
Q

True or false: There are four main blood types.

A

TRUE

The main blood types are A, B, AB, and O.

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9
Q

Fill in the blank: Antibodies help the body recognize _______.

A

foreign substances

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10
Q

What is anemia?

A

A condition characterized by a deficiency of red blood cells or hemoglobin.

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11
Q

Define coagulation.

A

The process by which blood changes from a liquid to a gel, forming a blood clot.

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12
Q

What is the average volume of blood in an adult human?

A

About 5 to 6 liters.

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13
Q

True or false: Blood is composed of cells and a liquid matrix.

A

TRUE

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14
Q

Fill in the blank: Serum is plasma without _______.

A

clotting factors

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15
Q

What is the function of plasma proteins?

A

To maintain osmotic pressure and transport substances in the blood.

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16
Q

Define leukocytes.

A

Another term for white blood cells, involved in the immune response.

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17
Q

What is the function of neutrophils?

A

To engulf and destroy pathogens through phagocytosis.

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18
Q

True or false: Blood can be classified into two main components: cells and plasma.

A

TRUE

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19
Q

Fill in the blank: Erythropoiesis is the production of _______.

A

red blood cells

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20
Q

What is hemophilia?

A

A genetic disorder that impairs the body’s ability to make blood clots.

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21
Q

Define thrombocytes.

A

Another term for platelets, essential for blood clotting.

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22
Q

What is the role of macrophages?

A

To engulf and digest cellular debris and pathogens.

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23
Q

True or false: Blood pressure is the force exerted by circulating blood on blood vessel walls.

A

TRUE

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24
Q

Fill in the blank: The spleen helps filter _______.

A

blood

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25
What is the **function of the bone marrow**?
To produce blood cells, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
26
Define **blood transfusion**.
The process of transferring blood or blood components into a person's circulation.
27
What is **sickle cell disease**?
A genetic disorder that causes red blood cells to become misshapen and block blood flow.
28
True or false: Blood carries hormones and nutrients to cells.
TRUE
29
Fill in the blank: **Oxygen** is transported in blood primarily bound to _______.
hemoglobin
30
What is the **function of lymphocytes**?
To produce antibodies and coordinate the immune response.
31
Define **plasma**.
The yellowish liquid component of blood that carries cells and proteins.
32
What is **blood viscosity**?
The thickness and stickiness of blood, affecting flow and pressure.
33
True or false: Blood can be classified as either arterial or venous.
TRUE
34
Fill in the blank: **Blood vessels** include arteries, veins, and _______.
capillaries
35
What is the **function of arteries**?
To carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body.
36
Define **venous return**.
The process of blood returning to the heart through veins.
37
What is **hypoxia**?
A condition where there is insufficient oxygen in the tissues.
38
True or false: Blood is only red in color.
FALSE ## Footnote Blood can appear blue in deoxygenated veins due to light refraction.
39
Fill in the blank: **Capillaries** are the site of _______ exchange.
nutrient and gas
40
What is the **function of veins**?
To carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart.
41
Define **blood pH**.
A measure of acidity or alkalinity of blood, typically around 7.4.
42
What is **thrombosis**?
The formation of a blood clot inside a blood vessel.
43
True or false: Blood can help regulate body temperature.
TRUE
44
Fill in the blank: **Blood volume** can be affected by _______.
hydration levels
45
What is **sepsis**?
A life-threatening response to infection that can lead to tissue damage.
46
Define **bloodborne pathogens**.
Microorganisms in blood that can cause disease in humans.
47
What is **iron deficiency anemia**?
A type of anemia caused by insufficient iron to produce hemoglobin.
48
True or false: Blood can carry waste products for excretion.
TRUE
49
Fill in the blank: **Blood tests** can help diagnose _______.
various medical conditions
50
What is **leukemia**?
A type of cancer that affects blood and bone marrow.
51
Define **blood coagulation factors**.
Proteins in blood that help control bleeding by forming clots.
52
What is the **function of the liver** in blood health?
To produce proteins necessary for blood clotting and filter toxins.
53
True or false: Blood can be stored for long periods without preservation.
FALSE
54
Fill in the blank: **Blood pressure** is measured in _______.
millimeters of mercury (mmHg)
55
What is **hyperlipidemia**?
An abnormally high level of lipids in the blood, increasing heart disease risk.
56
Define **blood glucose**.
The concentration of glucose in the blood, important for energy.
57
What is the **function of the kidneys** in blood health?
To filter waste products from the blood and regulate fluid balance.
58
True or false: Blood can transport carbon dioxide back to the lungs.
TRUE
59
Fill in the blank: **Blood tests** can measure levels of _______.
cholesterol
60
What is **plasma exchange**?
A procedure to remove and replace plasma in patients with certain conditions.
61
Define **blood donation**.
The voluntary process of giving blood for transfusion or medical use.
62
What is **anaphylaxis**?
A severe allergic reaction that can affect the blood and circulatory system.
63
True or false: Blood can be tested for infectious diseases.
TRUE
64
Fill in the blank: **Blood clots** can form due to _______.
injury or certain medical conditions
65
What is **polycythemia**?
A condition characterized by an increased number of red blood cells.
66
Define **blood serum**.
The clear liquid that remains after blood has clotted.
67
What is the **function of the heart** in relation to blood?
To pump blood throughout the body, supplying oxygen and nutrients.
68
True or false: Blood can influence mood and behavior.
TRUE
69
Fill in the blank: **Blood flow** is regulated by _______.
the circulatory system
70
What is **blood type compatibility**?
The ability of blood from one person to be safely transfused into another.
71
Define **venipuncture**.
The process of obtaining intravenous access for intravenous therapy or blood sampling.
72
What is **blood lipid profile**?
A blood test that measures levels of cholesterol and triglycerides.
73
True or false: Blood can be affected by diet and lifestyle.
TRUE
74
Fill in the blank: **Blood vessels** can become _______ due to plaque buildup.
narrowed
75
What is **blood oxygen saturation**?
The percentage of hemoglobin binding sites in the bloodstream occupied by oxygen.
76
Define **hematocrit**.
The proportion of blood volume that is occupied by red blood cells.
77
What is **blood urea nitrogen (BUN)**?
A test that measures the amount of nitrogen in the blood from urea.
78
True or false: Blood can be affected by genetic factors.
TRUE
79
Fill in the blank: **Blood disorders** can affect _______ function.
normal blood
80
What is **fibrinogen**?
A protein essential for blood clot formation.
81
Define **blood chemistry panel**.
A series of tests that measure various chemicals in the blood.
82
What is **blood culture**?
A test to detect the presence of bacteria or fungi in the blood.
83
True or false: Blood can help transport medications throughout the body.
TRUE
84
Fill in the blank: **Blood tests** can help monitor _______ levels.
hormone
85
What is **coagulation cascade**?
A series of events that lead to blood clotting following an injury.
86
Define **blood pressure regulation**.
The mechanisms that maintain stable blood pressure in the circulatory system.
87
What is **thromboembolism**?
A condition where a blood clot travels and blocks a blood vessel.
88
True or false: Blood can be tested for metabolic disorders.
TRUE
89
Fill in the blank: **Blood tests** can also assess _______ function.
liver
90
What is **blood glucose monitoring**?
The process of checking blood sugar levels, crucial for diabetes management.
91
Define **hematology**.
The study of blood, blood-forming organs, and blood diseases.
Physiology
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