Blood Composition

Question 1

what are the 3 functions of blood

Answer 1

distribution, regulation and protection

Question 2

what is plasma?

Answer 2

plasma is :
92% water
7% proteins (globulins, albumins, fibrinogen)
1% solutes ( electrolytes, nutrients, waste)

Question 3

what are electrolytes

Answer 3

essential for cellular activities.
ions that maintain osmotic pressure of fluids.
used for ATP production, growth and maintenance.

Question 4

what are some major plasma electrolytes?

Answer 4

Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, CI-, HCO3-

Question 5

what are the formed elements of the blood?

Answer 5

0. 1% are white blood cells and platelets

99. 9% are red blood cells

Question 6

what is the scientific name for red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets?

Answer 6

red blood cells= erythrocytes
white blood cells= leukocytes
platelets= thrombocytes

Question 7

what is the life span of a erythrocyte, leukocyte and thrombocyte?

Answer 7

erythrocyte= 120 days
leukocyte= years depending on type
thrombocyte= 4-5 days

Question 8

what is haematopoiesis

Answer 8

the formation of bloods cellular components
creates 100 billion new blood cells a day
occurs in red bone marrow

Question 9

how much oxygen is transported with haemoglobin to tissues?

Answer 9

97%

Question 10

what is the oxygen saturation of blood in the arteries and veins.

Answer 10

arteries (SaO2) 95-100%

veins (SvO2) 60-80%

Question 11

what are the blood types?

Answer 11

A,B, AB,O

Question 12

what is anemia

Answer 12

a condition in which the bloods ocyhen carrying capacity is to low to support normal metabolism

Question 13

what is polycythemia

Answer 13

abnormal excess of erythrocytes that increases blood viscosity causing a sluggish flow.

Question 14

what are the two categories of leukocytes?

Answer 14

granulocytes

agranulocyte

Question 15

what is the difference between granulocytes and agranulocytes?

Answer 15

granulocytes contain obvious membrane bound cytoplasmic granules

Question 16

list the types of leukocytes from most abundant to least.

Answer 16

neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils and basophils.

Question 17

what is hemostasis

Answer 17

the process of blood clotting

Question 18

what is the process of hemostasis?

Answer 18

blood vessels respond to damage and constrict.platelets adhere to exposed collagen fibres and release chemicals that make other platelets sticky to form platelet plug. this continues until the damaged cells no longer release chemicals as blerd has stopped.