Blood Sciences

Question 1

What is the differenve between routine and specialised biochemistry

Answer 1

Routine
-U&E, LFT, bone profiles, glucose, CRP, TFT, troponin, HCG, HbA1c, therapeutic drug monitoring

Specialised
-protein electrophoresis, AA, organic acids, trace metals, toxicology

Question 2

What is the difference between routine and specialised haematology

Answer 2

Routine
-FBC, blood film

Specialist

• Flow cytometry (markers for leukemia)
• Abnormalities in Hb

Question 3

What tests would you have to do before a blood transfusion

-what blood products can you issue

Answer 3

Group and Screen
-blood group and AB identification

Crossmatching
-matching recipient and donor blood

Can issue red cells, platelets, plasma

Question 4

What is the difference between a serum and plasm

Answer 4

Serum - blood allowed to clot to remove fibrinogen

Plasma - tubes contain anticoagulant so fibronogen is still present

Question 5

What is the order of blood draw

Why is this important

Answer 5

White - blood cultures

Light blue - sodium citrate for coagulation studies to prevent cross contamination from anticoagulants from other plasma bottles

Gold - biochemistry

Green - karyotyping, Hb issues

Dark blue - trace elements

Purple - FBC, HbA1c

Pink - blood group, crossmatching

Grey - glucose, alcohol

Question 6

What causes

• neutrophilia
• neutropenia

Answer 6

Neutrophilia

• Bacterial infection
• Cancer
• Steroids
• Pregnancy

Neutropenia

• Drugs
• Bone marrow failure
• Severe bacterial infection
• Viral infection

Question 7

What causes

-eosinophilia

Answer 7

Allergy, parasitic disease
Vasculitis (EGPA)
Cancer

Question 8

What causes

-monocytosis

Answer 8

Chronic Bacterial Infection (TB, endocarditis)

Hodgkins Lymphoma

Question 9

What causes

• lymphocytosis
• lymphopenia

Answer 9

Lymphocytosis

• Viral infection (rubella, mumps, hepatitis, CMV)
• CLL
• Non Hodgkins Lymphoma

Lymphopenia

• Bone Marrow Failure
• Stress
• Steroids
• Low Zn

Question 10

What causes thrombocytosis

Answer 10

Inflammation
Blood disorders
Spleen issues

Question 11

What results in a raised

• CRP
• ESR

Answer 11

CRP
-anything that causes inflammation

ESR

• Pregnancy
• Myeloma
• RA
• SLE