What is an ‘atom’?
‘Atoms’ are described as the basic unit of life and also known as the smallest particle of a chemical element to exist. Atoms are made of three particle: protons, neutrons and electrons.
What is a ‘proton’?
A ‘proton’ is a particle found in the nucleus of every atom, positively charged with an equal magnitude to that of an electron.
What is a ‘neutron’?
A ‘neutron’ is described as a particle consistent of the same mass as a proton, without an electric charge.
What is an ‘electron’?
An ‘electron’ is described as negatively charged particles of an atom.
What is an ‘ion’?
An ‘ion’ is described as a charged atom or molecule. An ion is charged as the number of electrons do not equal to the number of protons.
What is a ‘compound’?
A ‘compound’ is a substance formed when two or more chemical elements are chemically bonded together.
What is a ‘cation’?
A ‘cation’ is described as a positively charged ion.
What is an ‘anion’?
An ‘anion’ is described as a negatively charged ion.
What are cells made of?
Large molecules are called macronutrients, these include:
Proteins
Carbohydrates
Lipids
What are ion concentrations measured in?
Ion concentrations are measured in ‘moles’.
What are the 4 Basic Tissue Types?
- Epithelial
- Muscle
- Connective tissue
- Nervous tissue
List the eleven organ systems the human body consists of.
- Integumentary System
- Skeletal System
- Muscular System
- Digestive System
- Lymphatic System/Immunity
- Urinary System
- Nervous System
- Cardiovascular System
- Endocrine System
- Respiratory System
- Reproductive System
What is the ‘integumentary system’ responsible for?
- External body covering, (skin, hair, nails)
- Protection of deeper tissues from body
- Sensory receptors, (pain, pressure, texture)
- Temperature regulation (sweat, blood circulation)
What is the ‘skeletal system’ responsible for?
- Supports and protects body organs
- Provides muscle framework for movement
- Formation of blood cells in bones
- Storage of minerals
What is the ‘muscular system’ responsible for?
- Movement of the body
- Heat production
What is the ‘digestive system’ responsible for?
- Breaks food down into smaller units for distribution eg. food into energy, (metabolism)
- Eliminates waste via excretion, (indigestible foods, dead red blood cells)
What is the ‘lymphatic system’ responsible for?
- Recovers fluid that leaks from blood vessels into tissues
- Dispose cellular debris
- Houses white blood cells, involved in immunity
What is the ‘urinary system’ responsible for?
- Eliminates nitrogenous wastes from body
- Regulates water, electrolyte and acid-base balance in blood
What is the ‘nervous system’ responsible for?
- Major controlling, regulating and communicating system in the body
- Responds to internal and external changes
What is the ‘cardiovascular system’ responsible for?
- Blood vessels transports blood which carries O2, CO2, nutrients & wastes to all the cells in the body
- Heart pumps blood around the body
- Arteries carry the blood away from the body (A for Away)
- Veins carry the blood back to the heart
What is the ‘endocrine system’ responsible for?
- Secretion of hormones by glands into the bloodstream
- Regulates growth, reproduction, nutrients
What is the ‘respiratory system’ responsible for?
- Keeps blood supplied with oxygen
- Removes carbon dioxide
- Allows humans to breathe
What is the ‘reproductive system’ responsible for?
- Reproduction of living organisms
- Testes produce sperm and male sex hormones
- Ducts and glands deliver sperm to female reproductive tract
- Ovaries produce eggs and female sex hormones
- Sites for fertilisation and development of foetus
- Mammary glands produce nourishment for infant
What is the role and responsibility of the ‘plasma membrane’?
The plasma membrane is made up mainly of phospholipids and proteins. The plasma membrane defines the external boundary of the cell and separates ‘intracellular’ & ‘extracellular’ fluids.
