define the fallowing?
1. essential fat
2. storage fat
3. fat mass
4. lean body mass
5. fat free mass
- fat required to keep body functioning efficiently. M= 3-5%, F=8-12%
- fat that accumulates in the adipose tissue.
- essential + storage fat
- usually includes essential fat but not storage fat & includes muscle, bone.
- essential fat - LBM = FFM
why would we an
d would we not measure body composition?
would
- someone who hasn’t heard or know what it is.
- specific competitions.
- someone who wants to loose weight.
wouldn’t
- if it is irrclanvent to the persons goals.
- someone with a eating disorder.
3 methods to assess body composition?
- direct
- indirect
- doubly indirect.
what is a direct assessment?
- chemical analysis refers to dissolving body tissue into fat and non fat compartments.
what. are the indirect methods for body composition?
- DEXA
- UWW (under water weighing)
these are the golden standard for indirect method that are the most accurate.
what does DEXA measure?
- bone mineral mass
- bone free lean tissue
- fast mass
what is the ideal number when it comes to reliability?
- you want to be as close to as possible. The DEXA is 0.90-0.99 ( fairly reliable.)
what is densiometry?
- estimates the total body fat percent from a measurement of whole body density using the ratio of body mass to body volume.
(people can become closterphobic in this pod)
what is a hydrodensiometry?
- determines body density and % body fat, by weighting the person on land and while submerged under water.
what are doubly indirect methods?
- BIA (bioelectric impedance analysis)
- anthropometry (breadths, widths, skin folds)
why do BIA not work?
- there can be a low level of electrical current passed through the body.
- also the amount of water in the individual will impact the reading, the more water the person had the les affective the reading is.
what are 4 BIA source for error?
- technician skill
- client factors (did they fallow guide lines)
- instrumentation (is it calibrated)
- environmental factors (how the system is set up in the room)
is the BIA reliable and valid?
no, because it has a wide range were in can fall for how well it works with correct readings. you can have the same person fallow the same guidelines and may still get different readings.
how is anthropometry measured?
- weight & height
- BMI
- waist girth
- girths
skinfolds
what can anthropometry be used for?
- predict body density, % body fat, FFM
- assess regional adiposity and health risk.
why is WC important to measure?
- shown to be the single strongest anropometry predictor of visceral fat.
- is important to determine health outcomes based on the persons readings.
what are WC obesity measures more men and women?
- man 102 cm +
- women 88 cm +
