properties of ionic bond
- soluble in water
- conduct electricity in (l) or molten state
- high mp, bp
- exist as (s) at room temp
properties of covalent bond
- insoluble in water (except sugar)
- don’t conduct electricity in any state
- low mp, bp
- exist as (l) or (g) at room temp
metallic bond
- protons surrounded by sea of delocalized valence electrons
- all properties of metal is due to this bond
properties of metal due to metallic bonding
- malleable
- ductile
- sonorous
- high tensile strength, strong
- conduct electricity, heat
- lustrous
- high mp, bp
alloy decreases what in metal
- malleability
- ductility
- ability to conduct
alloy increases what in metal
- resistance to corrosion
- tensile strength
allotrope
diff. physical form of same element in same physical state
allotropes of carbon in solid state
- graphite
- diamond
- buckminsterfullerene
properties of graphite
- soft
- slippery (because of weak van der walls forces bw layers of graphene)
- used as lubricant
- conducts electricity
1 carbon to 3 carbon so 1 electron free
properties of diamond
- hard
- used in drill bits
- doesn’t condut electricity
1 carbon to 3 carbon so no electron free
what is giant covalent structure
many non-metal atoms covalently bonded into regular repeating lattices
properties of large covalent structures
- dont conduct electricity (except graphite)
- high mp bp
- very strong but brittle
what is ionic bond
type of chemical bonding that involves the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions
always between a metal and a nonmetal bc metals form cations and nonmetals form anions. attraction bw these oppositely charged ions creates the ionic bond
what is covalent bond
chemical bond that involves the sharing of electrons to form electron pairs between atoms
b/w non metals
sulphate, sulphite
SO4 2-, SO3 2-
ammonium
NH4+
hydroxide
OH-
nitrate, nitrite
NO3 -, NO2-
phosphate, phosphite
PO4 3-, PO3 3-
carbonate
CO3 2-
