Bonding

Question 1

What is a valence electron?

Answer 1

1. Electron found in the valence shell of an atom, most likely to be involved in a reaction

Question 2

What is valency?

Answer 2

1. No. Of e- an atom needs to gain/ lose in order to have a full valence she’ll

Question 3

What is chemical bonding?

Answer 3

1. Most important process in chemistry
2. Allows different combinations between molecules and atoms to form
3. Forms when atoms are held together by attractive forces

Question 4

What are the questions asked when looking at a chemical bond?

Answer 4

1. Is it energetically favorable?

2. Is the compound stable?

Question 5

What happens when atoms share electrons?

Answer 5

1. e- moves around e- orbitals at both atoms

Question 6

What happens when atoms exchange elections?

Answer 6

1. e- transferred to another atom

2. 1 atom gains e-; the other atom loses e-

Question 7

Definition of a chemical bond

Answer 7

1. The PHYSICAL PROCESS that causes atoms and molecules to be ATTRACTED to each other & held together in a more STABLE chemical compound

Question 8

Definition of a covalent bond

Answer 8

1. A form of chemical bonding where PAIRS of electrons are SHARED between atoms

Question 9

Definition of ionic bond

Answer 9

1. Type of chemical bond where 1 or more electrons are TRANSFERRED from 1 electron to another.

Question 10

Definition of metallic bond

Answer 10

1. The ELECTROSTATIC ATTRACTION between the POSITIVELY charged ATOMIC NUCLEI of METAL ATOMS and the DELOCALIZED ELECTRONS in the METAL

Question 11

What are the properties of a covalent bond?

Answer 11

1. Melting + boiling points lower than ionic compounds’
   (Weaker bonds)
2. More flexible
   
   • able to move around/ slide over each other
3. Not very soluble in water
4. Do not conduct electricity when dissolved in water

Question 12

Properties of ionic compounds

Answer 12

1. Lattice structures
2. Crystalline at room temperature
3. Strong electrostatic attraction
   
   • hard
   • high melting and boiling points
4. Brittle
5. Ionic SOLUTIONS conduct electricity
   
   • solid crystals don’t

Question 13

Properties of metallic compounds

Answer 13

1. Metallic luster (shiny)
2. Conduct electricity
   
   • e- are free to move
3. Conduct heat
   
   • +ive nuclei close= can easily transfer heat
4. High melting point - strong bonds
   High density - tightly packed nucleus
5. Ductile - can be drawn into wire
6. Malleable - can be hammered into sheets
7. Sonorous - able to make a sound