Bone

Question 1

What are the major Bone Types?

Answer 1

1. Long
2. Short
3. Flat
4. Irregular

Question 2

What are the characteristics of Long Bones?

Answer 2

1. Possess a cylindrical shaft and medullary canal
2. Relatively broad ends
3. Thick walled shaft

Question 3

Examples of Long Bones In Upper Extremity

Answer 3

1. Clavicle
2. Humerus
3. Ulna
4. Radius
5. Metacarpals
6. Phalanges

Question 4

Examples of Long Bones in Lower Extremity

Answer 4

1. Femur
2. Tibia
3. Fibula
4. Metatarsals
5. Phalanges

Question 5

Characteristics of Short Bones

Answer 5

Relatively short, compact and solid structures

Question 6

Short Bones of Skeleton

Answer 6

1. Carpals (wrist)

2. Tarsals (ankle)

Question 7

Flat Bones

Answer 7

Irregular bones are typically neither flat or long

Question 8

Examples of Flat Bones

Answer 8

1. Sternum
2. Scapulae
3. Ribs
4. Pelvic Bones
5. Patellas

Question 9

Irregular Bones Examples

Answer 9

1. 24 vertebrae
2. Sacrum
3. Coccyx

Question 10

Collagen

Answer 10

• Maintains the structural integrity of various tissues

* Provides tensile strength to tissues

Question 11

Elastin

Answer 11

• Provides the tissues in which it is situated with elastic properties
• Thinner than collagen fibers and are quite flexible.
• Capable of being stretched to almost twice their resting length without damage
• provide connective tissue with elasticity- a material’s ability to return to its original shape after being elongated

Question 12

Tendons

Answer 12

• Dense regular connective tissue
• Cordlike structures that function to attach muscle to bone
• Transmit the forces generated by muscles to bone in order to achieve movement or stability of the body in space

Question 13

Endotenon

Answer 13

• Fascicles of tendons are held together by loose this loose connective tissue
• Contains blood vessels, lymphatics and nerves, and permits longitudinal movements of individual fascicles when tensile forces are applied to the structure

Question 14

Epitenon

Answer 14

Connective tissue surrounding groups of fascicles and/or the entire structure

Question 15

Myotendinous junction (MTJ)

Answer 15

• Site where the muscle and tendon meet
• Very vulnerable to tensile failure, especially biceps and triceps brachii, the rotator cuff muscles, the FPL, the peroneus longus, teh medial head of the gastrocnemius, rectus femoris, adductor longus, iliopsoas, pectoralis major, semimembranosus and whole hamstring group

Question 16

Bone

Answer 16

• Highly-vascular form of connective tissue
• Composed of collagen, calcium phosphate, water, amorphous proteins, and cells
• Colagen of bone is produced in the same manner a that of ligament and tendon, but by the osteoblast

Question 17

How many bones in the human skeleton?

Answer 17

206 Total

• 177 voluntary movement
• 29 are immobile

Question 18

Function of Bone

Answer 18

1. Provide support
2. Enhance leverage
3. Protect Vital Structures
4. Provide attachments for tendons and ligaments
5. Store minerals, particularly calcium

Question 19

Axial Skeleton

Answer 19

• Skull
• Spinal Column
• Sternum
• Ribs