Epiphyses
Ends of a long bone ( proximal/ distal)
Diaphysis
Shaft of long bone
Spongy Bone
Porous inner layer of bone /site for blood cell production
Compact Bone
Hard outer layer of bone
Epiphyseal plate
Young, developing bones
Epiphyseal line
Found in mature bone, dividing line between epiphysis and diaphysis
Periosteum
Thin layer of connective tissue that covers surface of a bone
Articular cartilage
smooth tissue that covers the ends of bones where they come together to form joints
Yellow marrow
Stores triglyceride (fat) in adult bones
5 Types of Bones
- long bone/ length great than width (arm/leg)
- Short bone /equal length & width (wrist/carpals, ankle/tarsals)
- Flat bone / protects vital organs (ribs, sternum, scapula)
- Irregular bone (vertebrae)
- Sesamoid / sesame seed shape (kneecap, base of thumb & toe)
Long bone
- long bone/ length greater than width (arm/leg)
Short Bone
- Short bone /equal length & width (wrist/carpals, ankle/tarsals)
Flat Bone
- Flat bone / protects vital organs (ribs, sternum,scapula)
Irregular Bone
- Irregular bone (vertebrae)
Sesamoid Bone
- Sesamoid / sesame seed shape (kneecap, base of thumb & toe)
Osteoblast
Builds new bone in divet left by osteoclast
Smalller than osteoclast
They follow osteoclast
Osteoclast
Chews/ clears old bone & treats divet for osteoblast to build new bone
Larger than osteocblast
They clear before osteoclast builds
Osteoporosis
Loss of bone / density more porous
When osteoclasts out number osteoblasts
Preventable with nutrition & resistance training (weight bearing)
Wolff’s Law of Bone Strengthening
A bone can increase its strength in response to stress (weight bearing/resistance training) by laying down more bone to reinforce area under stress (osteoblast)
