Bones

Question 1

Functions of Skeletal system?

Answer 1

-Support
-Mineral storage
-Hemopoiesis
-Protection
-Body movement
-Fat, stem cells

Question 2

Osteocytes?

Answer 2

Mature cells that maintain bone tissue

Question 3

Osteoblasts?

Answer 3

Immature, active cells that:
-found on inner and outer surfaces of a bone
-produce osteoid

Question 4

Osteogenesis?

Answer 4

Process of making new bone

Question 5

Osteoprogenitor Cells?

Answer 5

Found on inner and outer surfaces of bone, divide and differentiate to form new osteoblasts

Question 6

Osteoclasts?

Answer 6

Giant multinucleated cells that perform osteolysis (cell breakdown)

Question 7

Epiphyses?

Answer 7

End of a bone (typically the head)

Question 8

Diaphysis?

Answer 8

Middle long part of bone (typically the shaft)

Question 9

Metaphysis?

Answer 9

Connection between shaft and head (diaphysis and epiphyses) aka the neck

Question 10

Periosteum?

Answer 10

-Isolates and protects bone from surrounding tissues
-Provides a route and a place for attachment for circulatory and nervous supply
-actively participates in bone growth and repair
-attaches the bone to the CT network of deep fascia

Question 11

Endosteum?

Answer 11

-Thin vascular membrane of CT that lines the inner surface of the bony tissue that forms the medullary cavity of long bones

Question 13

At what time of development is the skeleton cartilage?

Answer 13

Any time before 6 weeks

Question 14

Osteogenesis is?
Ossification is?
Calcification is?

Answer 14

-Bone formation
-bone replacing existing tissue
-Process of depositing calcium salts into tissues

Question 15

The three types of muscle tissue?

Answer 15

1. Skeletal Muscle
   -Moves the body by pulling on bones of the skeleton
2. Cardiac Muscle
   -Tissues that push blood through arteries and veins of circulatory system
3. Smooth Muscle
   -Tissues that push fluids and solids along the digestive tract and perform varied functions in other systems

Question 16

Properties of Muscle Tissue? (4)

Answer 16

1. Excitability: ability to respond to stimulation by N.S.
   -Skeletal muscles respond to stim by N.S.
   -Cardiac and smooth respond to N.S. And hormones circulating
2. Contractility: ability to shorten actively and exert a pull or tension that can be harnessed by CT
3. Extensibility: ability to continue to contract over a range of resting lengths
4. Elasticity: ability of a muscle to rebound toward its original length after a contraction

Question 17

Anatomy of Skeletal muscles?

Outer to inner

Answer 17

1. Epimysium - CT, Most outer layer
2. Perimysium - CT, surrounds all & in between muscle fiber groups
3. Endomysium - CT, wraps individually all muscle fiber groups