Pilates > Bones & Joints > Flashcards

Bones & Joints Flashcards

(43 cards)

Study These Flashcards
1
Q

Axial skeleton - what is it made up of?

A
  • Skull
  • Spinal column - 33 vertebrae/bones:
    • Cervical - 7 bones
    • Thoracic - 12 bones
    • Lumbar - 5 bones
    • Sacral (sacrum) - 5 fused bones
    • Coccygeal (coccyx) - 3-4 fused bones
  • Sternum
  • Ribs (also called ‘costals’) - 12 ribs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How many vertebrae/ bones in spinal column?
Sections & numbers

A

33 vertebrae / bones:
- Cervical - 7 bones
- Thoracic - 12 bones
- Lumbar - 5 bones
- Sacral (sacrum) - 5 fused bones
- Coccygeal (coccyx) - 3-4 fused bones

Cervical / Thoracic/ lumbar - think Breakfast (7), Lunch (12), Dinner (5)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Ribs -
No. of?
Also called what?

What relationships do the ribs have with the Thoracic spine?

A

12.
Also called ‘costals’

12 ribs = 12 Thoracic spine vertebrae.

The ribs form joints meeting at the Thoracic spine.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Why is the Thoracic spine less mobile?

A

Because the ribs are there too = less space

And because there is less space between each vertebrae in the thoracic spine.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Axial skeleton - how remember what it is?

A

Like ‘axis’ - consists of the bones that are towards the center of the body…

Head
Spinal column
Sternum
Ribs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Appendicular skeleton

What are its 2 parts?

A

Upper extremities
Lower extremities

(Think appendages)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Appendicular skeleton - Upper extremities

Consists of what?

A
  • Clavicle (collar bone)
  • Scapula (shoulder blade)
  • Humerus (Upper arm bone)
  • Radius (lower arm - outside/thumb side)
  • Ulna (lower arm - underneath elbow to little finger)
  • Carpals (wrist) - 8 bones
  • Metacarpels (hand)
  • Phalanges (fingers)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Appendicular skeleton - Lower extremities

Consists of what?

A
  • Os coxae (Pelvis) - 3 fused bones
    • Illium
    • Ischium
    • Pubis
  • Femur (Upper leg)
  • Patela (knee)
  • Tibia (lower leg)
  • Fibula (lower leg)
  • Tarsals (ankle)
  • Meta tarsals (front of foot)
  • Phalanges (toes)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The pelvis consists of 2 halves

What are these called?

And how many bones makes up each half / what are they called?

A

PELVIS = OS COXAE

Each half has 3 FUSED BONES
- illium
- ischium
- pubis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The 3 bones that make up each half of the pelvis..

Name and describe them.

A

3 Fused bones make up each half of the pelvis.

  • ILLIUM bone - the largest and most superior bone of the pelvis - the upper part. (On the illiac crest)
  • ISCHIUM bone - forms the lower (inferior/below) and back (posterior/behind) part of the pelvis
  • PUBIS bone - the front lower part of the pelvis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the upper leg / thigh bone called?

A

Femur.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the 2 lower leg bones called?

A

TIBIA -
- Front of lower leg (shin)
- On the inside (medial) of the fibula.
- Is weight bearing.

FIBULA
- Think Fib = Lie = L = La
- Is on the outside (lateral) of the lower leg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where abouts is the lateral malleolus when standing?

(and what is it?)

A

Lateral malleolus is the outer ankle bone and is at the end of the Fibula.

It is a little bit posterior (behind) and inferior (below) to the medial malleolus

Medial malleolus = inside ankle bone, at the end of the tibia. Tibia = shin bone)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the kneecap called.

A

The Patella.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the bones in the ankle area of the foot called?

And how many are there?

A

Tarsals.

7 bones - where the ankle + heel meet.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the bones across the front of the foot called?

A

Meta tarsals.

5 of them. Connect the tarsals to the Phalanges.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the bones in the toes called

A

Phalanges.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What 2 things are boney landmarks important for?

Study These Flashcards
A

Postural alignment

Muscle attachment

19
Q

What are the key Postural bones landmarks?

Study These Flashcards
A

6 of them.

1) ANTERIOR SUPERIOR ILIAC SPINE
- (ASIS)
- At the front/upper of pelvis

2) PUBIS SYMPHYSIS
- (PS)
- Where the 2 pubis bones meet in the middle

3) ISCHIAL TUBEROSITY
- Sit bones
- At the bottom of the ischium bone

4) GREATER TROCHANTER OF FEMUR
- At the top of the femur

5) LATERAL MALLEOLUS OF FIBULA
- Outer ankle bone
- At the end of Fibula
(Think lateral = L = fibula)

6) MEDIAL MALLEOLUS OF TIBIA
- Inner ankle bone
- At the end of Tiibia

20
Q

What is the bonesy landmark at the front & top of the Pelvis called?

Study These Flashcards
A

ANTERIOR SUPERIOR ILLIAC SPINE

(ASIS).

21
Q

What is the boney landmark where the 2 pubis meet in the middle called?

Study These Flashcards
A

PUBIC SYMPHYSIS

(PS)

22
Q

What is the proper name for the boney landmark we call the sit bones

Study These Flashcards
A

ISCHIAL TUBEROSITY

23
Q

How do you find your sit bones?

Study These Flashcards
A

Sat down…

If rock too far back off the sit bones you will be a little slouched in posture

If rock too far in front of them you will be in hyper lordotic posture

When we are sat right on top of them it helps us to find neutral spine

24
Q

What is the greater trochanter, where is it and what is it designed for?

Study These Flashcards
A

It is a boney landmark - large boney protrusion

Located at the top of the femur (thigh bone).

Designed for a lot of muscle attachment.

To find on self - take hands to side of hips and take a couple of squats. Move fingers around until you find the point you are.pivoting on each time you you squat - this is the greater trochanter.

If you go to the top of the greater teochanter and go inwards towards the midline of the body, that is where the hip joint lies.

25
When is locating the greater trochanter helpful? (What exercise)
Roll up. Making sure in the roll up thwt alignment that when at top of roll up finding the c curve , you need to be far enough forward so centre of shoulder joint is stacking over centre of hip joint
26
What is the lateral malleolus of the fibula?
Outer ankle bone (Lateral - outer)
27
What's is the medial malleolus of the tibia?
Inner ankle bone (Medial - middle)
28
When stabding, the lateral malleolus is typically a little what?
A little posterior and inferior to the medial malleolus. (Noticing differences to this tells you info re the alignment of feet, especially in footwork)
29
What are the selected joints (10) that BASI want me to know?
Working from top of body downwards... 1) Intervertebral - Cartilagilnous joints inbetween the vertebrae bones . These are how we move the spine. (Inter - inbetween Vertebral - vertebrae) 2) Acromioclavicular - Gliding joint between clavical and scapular. (End of clavical, meets scapula) 3) Sternoclavicular - Saddle joint between Sternum and clavicular (The 1st time the upper appendicular skeleton meets the axial skeleton at a joint, bone to bone, when looking head down to toe) 4) Glenohumeral- Shoulder - ball and socket joint. This is the most mobile joint in the body. (Gleno - Glenoid faucet/socket. Humeral - humeral head of upper arm bone/humerus) 5) Elbow- Hinge joint. Between humerus bone (upper arm) and ulna bone (the lower arm bone between the elbow and little finger) . 6) Wrist - Condoloyd and gliding joints 8 bones in the wrist. 7) Sacroliac - Cartillaginous joint (some movement, not freely moveable) Where the sacrum bone and illiac crest meet. 8) Hip- Ball and socket joint. The ball is the femural head (top of femur bone) The socket is comprised of 3 bones that make up the Ox coxae. 9) Knee - A modified hinge joint. Between femur (upper leg) and tibia (lower leg) 10) Ankle - (* this will be in exam!) Has 2 joints - 1. - A hinge joint (ankle) that does dorsi and plantar flexion. It comprises of the tibia, fibula and tarsals. 2. - Subtalar joint - synovial joint. Sub = below Talar = talas = ankle Beneath the main ankle joint. This is where you get more inversion & eversion movement through our feet (articulation of talas (ankle) bone and heel bone)
30
What is an intervebral joint?
Intervertebral - Cartilaginous joints inbetween the vertebrae bones . These are how we move the spine. (Inter - inbetween Vertebral - vertebrae)
31
What is the acromioclavicular joint?
Acromioclavicular - Gliding joint between clavical and scapular. (End of clavical, meets scapula)
32
What is the sternoclavicular joint?
Sternoclavicular - Saddle joint between Sternum and clavicular (The 1st time the upper appendicular skeleton meets the axial skeleton at a joint, bone to bone, when looking head down to toe)
33
What is the glenohumeral joint?
Glenohumeral- Shoulder - ball and socket joint. This is the most mobile joint in the body. (Gleno - Glenoid faucet/socket. Humeral - humeral head of upper arm bone)
34
What is the elbow joint? Amd located between which bones?
Elbow- Hinge joint. Between humerus bone (upper arm) and ulna bone (lower arm between elbow and little finger) .
35
What type of joints are in the wrist? And how many bones?
Wrist - Condoloyd and Giding joints 8 bones
36
What is the sacroiliac joint?
Sacroliac - Cartillaginous joint (some movement, not freely moveable) Where the sacrum bone and illiac crest meet.
37
What is the hip joint? What made up of?
Hip- Ball and socket joint. The ball is the femural head (top of femur bone) The socket is comprised of 3 bones that make up the Os coxae.
38
What is the knee joint? What bones does it sit between?
Knee - A modified hinge joint. Between femur (upper leg) and tibia (lower leg)
39
What is the ankle joint(s) What bones connect / sit in yhe ankle joint? *WILL BE IN EXAM!
Ankle - 2 joints - 1. - A hinge joint (ankle) that does dorsi and plantar flexion. It comprises of the tibia, fibula and tarsals. 2. - Subtalar joint - synovial joint. Beneath the main ankle joint. This is where you get more inversion & eversion movement through our feet (articulation of talas (ankle) bone and heel bone)
40
What is the most moveable joint in the body?
Glenohumeral / the Shoulder. Ball and socket joint
41
Where is the subtalar joint? What does it do?
Below the ankle. Allows inversion / eversion (in/out) rolling movement
42
What is the Talus bone?
Ankle
43
What is the Calcaneous?
The heel?
Pilates
flashcards
Decks in class (7)
# Cards
Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2026 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions