Master Sommelier Exam 2024 > Bordeaux > Flashcards

Bordeaux Flashcards

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1
Q

Chateau Valandraud?

2nd Label and classification?

A

Saint Emilion Grand Cru classé B

Located on the south part of Saint Emilion closer to the Dordogne

70% Merlot / 20% CF/ 5% CS + Malbec and Carmenère

Virgine de Valandraud

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2
Q

Chateau l’Evangile?

A

Pomerol

80% Merlot / 20% CF

Blason de l’Evangile

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3
Q

Chateau Clos Fourtet

Classification and 2nd Label?

A

Saint Emilion Grand Cru classé B

85% Merlot / 10% CF / 5% CS

Closerie de Fourtet

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4
Q

Chateau Lafleur?

A

Pomerol

Pensées de Lafleur

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5
Q

Chateau Pétrus?

Unproduced vintages?

A

Pomerol

No 2nd Labels

Logo on the label is St. Peter “Petros” greek version

Owned by Arnaud Family since 1770,
then M. Lignac bought it in 1929 (large connection in Bordeaux business)
Share its owneship with JP Moeuix, and became Moeuix family owned in 1969 when JF Moeuix (son of JP), purchased the remaning sharing part
Blue Clay soil: make difference to other vineyards

100% Merlot

The high reconization of Petrus is back to 1900’s: after phylloxera crisis

Unproduced vintages: 1991

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6
Q

Côtes de Blaye?

A

Blanc Sec:
60-90% combined Colombard and Ugni Blanc; plus Muscadelle, Sauvignon Blanc, Sauvignon Gris, and Sémillon

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7
Q

Blaye AOP

A

**Rouge:

Principal Varieties: Min. 50% combined Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc, and Merlot
Accessory Varieties: Cot (Malbec), plus a max. 15% combined Petit Verdot and Carmenère (max. 10% Carmenère)

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8
Q

What are the classified chateaux for white and red in the “Graves Classification”?

A
  • Ch Bouscaut
  • Ch Carbonnieux
  • Ch Latour-Martillac
  • Ch Malartic Lagravière
  • Ch Olivier
  • Ch Domaine de Chevalier
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9
Q

Chateau Clinet?

A

Pomerol

88% Merlot / 12% CS

Fleur de Clinet

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10
Q

What is Bordeaux Haut Benauge?

A

Subzone of the Bordeaux AOP

Entre-Deux-Mers

Produces dry and moelleux white: Semilon, SB, Sauvignon Gris and Muscadelle

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11
Q

What are the communes of Haut Benauge

A

Haut-Benauge: Arbis, Cantois, Escoussans, Gornac, Ladaux, Mourens, Saint-Pierre-de-Bat, Soulignac, Targon

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12
Q

Name the crossing of the Merlot?

A

Madeleine Noire des Charentes X Cabernet Franc

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13
Q

What are the sub-zone for Cotes de Bordeaux AOP?

A
  • Francs
  • Cadillac
  • Castillon
  • Blaye
  • Sainte Foy

Blanc
Principal Varieties: Sauvignon Blanc, Sauvignon Gris, Sémillon, and Muscadelle

**Rouge **
Principal Varieties: Min. 50% combined Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc, and Merlot; plus a max. 50% Cot (Malbec)

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14
Q

What are the red GV allowed on the left bank in Bordeaux?

A

Cab Sauv, Merlot, Cab Franc, Petit Verdot, Cot (Malbec), Carmenère

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15
Q

chateau Canon la Gaffelière

Classification and 2nd Label?

A

Saint Emilion Grand Cru classé B

Saint Emilion

52% Merlot / 40% CF / 8% CS

Organic growing estate

Côte Mignon la Gaffelière

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16
Q

What style of wine under Côtes de Bordeaux AOP?

A

**Rouge only

Principal Varieties: Min. 50% combined Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc, and Merlot; plus a max. 50% Cot (Malbec)
Accessory Varieties: Max. 15% combined Petit Verdot and Carmenère (max. 10% Carmenère)

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17
Q

Name all of the GCC B of Saint Emilion?

A
  • Château Beau-Séjour Bécot
  • Château Beauséjour (Heretieres Duffau-Lagarrosse)
  • Château Bélair-Monange (known simply as Belair until the 2008 vintage)
  • Château Canon
  • Château Canon-la-Gaffelière
  • Clos Fourtet
  • Château Larcis-Ducasse
  • La Mondotte
  • Château Pavie-Macquin
  • Château Troplong-Mondot
  • Château Trotte Vieille
  • Château Valandraud
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18
Q

What were the worst vintages for Bordeaux dating back to the 1980s

A

LB: ‘80, ‘83, ‘84 ‘87, ‘91-93, ‘97, ‘98 ‘02, ‘07 ‘08, ‘13

RB: ‘80, ‘83, ‘84, ‘87, ‘91-93, ‘96 ‘99, ‘02, ‘07, ‘13

Sauternes: ‘80-‘82, ‘84-85, ‘87, ‘91-‘92, ‘95, ‘00, ‘02, ‘12

(‘80, ‘84, ‘87, ‘91, ‘92 are the absolute worst)

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19
Q

What does Cabernet Franc contribute to the blend in in Bordeaux? What soils does it prefer? Early/late budding? Early/late ripening?

A
  • Imparts herbal spice and red fruit aromatics. More tannic than Merlot, but less muscular or weighty than Cabernet Sauvignon.
  • Excels in limestone-based soils, which promote acidity and freshness in the wines.
  • Late-budding/Late ripening but earlier for both than Cabernet Sauvignon.
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20
Q

How many estates are classified in Graves? Which are red only? (7) Which are white only? (3) Which are classified for both red and white? (6)

A

16 Classified
**Both: **
* Bouscaut
* Carbonnieux
* Domaine de Chevalier
* Latour-Martillac
* Malartic-Lagraviére
* Olivier
**Red **
* Onlyde Fieuzal
* Haut-Bailly
* Haut-Brion
* Pape-Clément
* Smith-Haut-Lafite
* La Mission Haut-Brion
* La Tour Haut-Brion
White Only
* Laville-Haut-Brion (White)
* Couhins-Lurton (White)
* Couhins (White)

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21
Q

What kind of soils dominate the left bank and what are their beneficial characteristics? Right Bank?

A

**Left Bank **is defined by quartz-rich gravel over clay and marl in the Haut-Modoc with mixture of clays, gravels, and sands (boulbenes) south of Pessac-Léognan in Graves, Sauternes, Barsac, and Cérons.

**Right Bank **is mostly clay and limestone with some gravel mixed in. Clay is more damp and less heat-retaining thus vines planted on it are more susceptible to frosts, heavy rains, and are later to ripen.

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22
Q

What are the 5 villages of Sauternes? Which can choose to use Sauternes on its labels instead of its own?

A
  • Sauternes
  • Barsac
  • Fargues
  • Preignac
  • Bommes
  • Barsac can use Sauternes on its labels
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23
Q

What kind of climate does St-Emilion and Pomerol have? What are the major hazards of the spring season here?

A

Continental with short winters and damp springs.

Frost which can lead to coulure and millerandage effectively reducing yields; excessive rain can result in severe problems with mold and rot.

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24
Q

What is Bordeaux mixture and what is it used for?

A

Mix of lime, copper sulfate, and water.used to avoid fungal problems

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25
What style of wine is made in Blayes Côtes de Bordeaux and Francs Côtes de Bordeaux AOPs?
Red & White
26
Cadillac AOP and style
** Blanc** Muscadelle, Sauvignon Blanc, Sauvignon Gris, Sémillon | Minimum Residual Sugar: 51 g/l
27
Bourg/Côtes de Bourg/Bourgeais AOP
**Blanc** Sauvignon Blanc, Sauvignon Gris, Sémillon, Muscadelle, Colombard **Rouge** Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc, Cot, and Merlot
28
Côtes de Bordeaux-Saint-Macaire AOP
**Blanc** (Sec, Moelleux, and Liquoreux): Muscadelle, Sauvignon Blanc, Sauvignon Gris, Sémillon ## Footnote Residual Sugar: Sec: max. 4 g/l Moelleux: 34-45 g/l Liquoreux: min. 45 g/l (51 g/l prior to 2011)
29
Entre-Deux-Mers AOP
**Blanc Sec: ** Min. 70% combined Sauvignon Blanc, Sauvignon Gris, Muscadelle, and Sémillon | Accessory Varieties: Colombard, and Ugni Blanc ## Footnote Subzones (Geographic Designations): Haut-Benauge
30
Graves de Vayres AOP
**Blanc: **Muscadelle, Sauvignon Blanc, Sauvignon Gris, and Sémillon; plus max. 30% Merlot Blanc **Rouge:** Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc, Merlot, Cot, Petit Verdot, Carmenère
31
Loupiac AOP
Sweet Blanc Muscadelle, Sauvignon Blanc, Sauvignon Gris, Sémillon 45gRS | Min 45g RS
32
Premières Côtes de Bordeaux AOP
Sweet Blanc Muscadelle, Sauvignon Blanc, Sauvignon Gris, Sémillon 34g RS | min 34 g RS
33
Name the sweet wine appellations of Entre Deux Mers
* Cadillac AOP * Loupiac AOP * Sainte Croix du Mont AOP
34
What is the RS for Cadillac AOP
51g/l
35
What is the RS for Loupiac AOP
45 g/l
36
What is the RS for Sainte Croix du Mont AOP
45g/l
37
Which AOP allows still dry/sweet and sparkling wine in Entre Deux Mers
Cotes de Bordeaux Sainte Macaire AOP ## Footnote Blanc (Sec, Moelleux, and Liquoreux): Muscadelle, Sauvignon Blanc, Sauvignon Gris, Sémillon
38
Which AOPs of the Côtes de Bordeaux only allows RED
* Côtes de Bordeaux AOP * Côtes de Bordeaux AOP Castillon * Côtes de Bordeaux AOP Cadillac Blaye AOP
39
Name the AOPs of the Entre Deux Mers
* Entre Deux Mers - DRY white *** Cadillac - sweet** * Graves de Vayres - DRY white and red *** Loupiac - sweet** * Cotes de Bordeaux Saint Macaire - DRY SWEET Blanc (Sec, Moelleux, and Liquoreux) *** Sainte Croix du Mont - sweet**
40
Crémant de Bordeaux AOP grapes
**Vin Mousseux Blanc:** Principal Varieties: Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Cot, Petit Verdot, Carmenère, Muscadelle, Sémillon, Sauvignon Blanc, Sauvignon Gris Accessory Varieties: Max. 30% combined Colombard, Merlot Blanc, and Ugni Blanc **Vin Mousseux Rosé:** Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Cot, Petit Verdot, Carmenère
41
Crémant de Bordeaux AOP explained
* Traditional Method Secondary Fermentation * The wines must spend a min. 9 months on the lees prior to dégorgement, and may not be released for a min. 12 months after the date of tirage * Min. 3.5 atmospheres of pressure ## Footnote Maximum Yields (Rendement de Base): 72 hl/ha (100 liters per 150 kg max. press yield)
42
Bordeaux Supérieur AOP max yields grapes
Maximum Yield (Rendement de Base): Blanc: 49 hl/ha Rouge: 59 hl/ha ## Footnote Blanc: Principal Varieties: Min. 70% combined Sémillon, Sauvignon Blanc, Sauvignon Gris, and Muscadelle Accessory Varieties: Max. 30% combined Merlot Blanc, Ugni Blanc, Colombard, and Liliorila, with max. 5% Liliorila Rouge: Principal Varieties: Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc, Cot (Malbec), Merlot, Petit Verdot, and Carmenère
43
AOPs of Graves
**RED AND WHITE DRY** * Graves AOP Rouge & Blanc (sec) * Pessac-Léognan AOP Rouge & Blanc (sec) **SWEET** Graves Supérieures AOP Blanc (liquoreux) Cérons AOP Blanc (liquoreux) Barsac AOP Blanc (liquoreux) Sauternes AOP Blanc (liquoreux)
44
**RS for** Graves Supérieures AOP Blanc (liquoreux) Cérons AOP Blanc (liquoreux) Barsac AOP Blanc (liquoreux) Sauternes AOP Blanc (liquoreux)
Graves Supérieures AOP Blanc (liquoreux) - 34g Cérons AOP Blanc (liquoreux) - 45 Barsac AOP Blanc (liquoreux) - 45 Sauternes AOP Blanc (liquoreux) - 45 ALL 221 g/l must weight
45
Communes of production Barsac Cerons Sauternes
Barsac - Barsac Cerons - Cerons, Illats, Podensac Sauternes - Bommes, Fargues, Preignac, Sauternes, Barsac
46
Communes of Pessac-Léognan AOP
Communes of Production: * Pessac * Léognan * Cadaujac * Canéjan * Gradignan * Martillac * Mérignac * Saint-Médard-d'Eyrans * Talence * Villenave-d'Ornon ## Footnote Maximum Yields (Rendement de Base): 54 hl/ha
47
Sauternes AOP
Styles and Encépagement: Blanc: Muscadelle, Sauvignon Blanc, Sauvignon Gris, Sémillon Minimum Potential Alcohol: 15% (12% acquired) Minimum Must Weight: 221 g/l Minimum Residual Sugar: 45 g/l Harvest Method: botrytis-affected grapes must be hand-harvested in successive tries Élevage: The wines may not be released until June 30 of the year following the harvest Minimum Planting Density: 6,500 vines per hectare Maximum Yield (Rendement de Base): 25 hl/ha
48
Médoc AOP
**Rouge ** Principal Grapes: Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc, Merlot, Petit Verdot, Cot (Malbec), and Carmenère *Varieties for adaptation purposes:* Arinarnoa Castets Marselan Touriga Nacional These varieties are limited to 5 % of the varieties grown and 10 % of the blend | MAX 3 RS ## Footnote Maximum Yields (Rendement de Base): 55 hl/ha
49
Communes of Margaux
Margaux-Cantenac Soussans Labarde Arsac ## Footnote Maximum Yields (Rendement de Base): 57 hl/ha
50
Communes of Pauillac AOP
* Pauillac * Saint-Sauveur * Saint-Estèphe * Saint-Julien-Beychevelle ## Footnote Maximum Yields (Rendement de Base): 57 hl/ha
51
St Julien AOP communes of production
Saint-Julien-Beychevelle Cussac-Fort-Médoc Pauillac Saint-Laurent-Médoc ## Footnote Maximum Yields (Rendement de Base): 57 hl/ha
52
Moulis/Moulis-en-Médoc AOP
Arcins Avensan Castelnau-de-Médoc Cussac-Fort-Médoc Lamarque Listrac-Médoc Moulis-en-Médoc
53
AOP of the Right Bank
**ROUGE ONLY** * Saint-Émilion AOP * Saint-Émilion Grand Cru AOP * Lussac-St-Émilion AOP * Montagne-St-Émilion AOP * Puisseguin-St-Émilion AOP * Saint-Georges-St-Émilion AOP * Pomerol AOP * Lalande-de-Pomerol AOP * Canon Fronsac AOP * Fronsac AOP
54
AOP of Medoc
* Médoc AOP * Haut-Médoc AOP * Saint-Estèphe AOP * Pauillac AOP * Saint-Julien AOP * Listrac-Médoc AOP * Moulis/Moulis-en-Médoc AOP * Margaux AOP
55
Saint-Émilion AOP Communes of production
* Libourne * Saint-Christophe-des-Bardes * Saint-Émilion * Saint-Étienne-de-Lisse * Saint-Hippolyte * Saint-Laurent-des-Combes * Saint-Pey-d'Armens * Saint-Sulpice-de-Faleyrens * Vignonet ## Footnote Saint-Émilion AOP -53 hl/ha St. Emilion Grand Cru AOP - 46 hl/ha
56
Pomerol AOP Communes of production
Communes of Production: Libourne, Pomerol ## Footnote Maximum Yields (Rendement de Base): 49 hl/ha
57
Malbec Synonym
Pressac (Malbec)
58
Max yields for St. Emilion St. Emilion GC Pomerol
Saint-Émilion AOP -53 hl/ha St. Emilion Grand Cru AOP - 46 hl/ha Pomerol - 49 hl/ha
59
What are the classified chateaux for white and red in the “Graves Classification”?
Ch Bouscaut - Ch Carbonnieux - Ch Latour-Martillac - Ch Malartic Lagravière - Chateau Olivier - Domaine de Chevalier
60
What is a “Piece Bordelaise?”
225L oak barrel historically present in Bordeaux. Used in early time for shipping, then came for ageing and maturation later on.
61
What is the crossing of the Carmenère?
Cabernet Franc X Gros Cabernet* * Gros Cabernet itself (Hondarribi Beltza X Fer)
62
What is the Ciron?
Little cold river located in Sauternes AOP: Creating the particular fog for the Botrytis production
63
What are the communes of production for Pomerol? What are the GV allowed?
Libourne and Pomerol only CF, CS, Merlot, Cot (Malbec), PV
64
What was the first “Chateau estate” to appear in official documents in Bordeaux? When?
Chateau Haut Brion in 1660 ( Cellar note of the King Charles II
65
Why is the macquin (From Chateau Pavie-Macquin) famous for in Bordeaux?
Macquin helps to resolve the phylloxera epidemy in Bordeaux and Europe: found grafting resistance against the pest
66
What’s Happening in 1956 vintage in Bordeaux?
Terrible frost on the vineyard: Many concerns on this weather = Vineyard plantation change way
67
What is the river of St Emilion?
Dordogne
68
Name some highly regarded producers of Pomerol?
Chateau Clinet: Fleur de Clinet Chateau la Conseillante: Duo de la Conseillante Chateau l’Eglise-Clinet: La Petite Eglise Chateau l’Evangile: Blason de l’Evangile Chateau Gazin: L’Hospitalet de Gazin Chateau Lafleur: Pensées de Lafleur Chateau Pétrus: None Chateau Le Pin: None Chateau Trotanoy: Esperance de Trotanoy (2009) Chateau Vieux Certan: La Gravette de Certan
69
What are the GV allowed to Crémant de Bordeaux AOP?
Principales varieties: Cab Franc, Cab Sauf, Merlot, Cot, Petit Verdos, Carmenère, Muscadelle, Sémillon SB, Sauv Gris Since 1990
70
What s “Jalles”?
Canals system create on the 17th century by Deutch in Bordeaux to drain off northern lands of Bordeaux (Graves)
71
What is the name of the Sauternes’s rivers?
Cirons: small cold river through the AOP Garonne: Bigger and warmer river The joing between both create the Fogs for Botrytis devellopement
72
Name the “Crus Bourgeois Exeptionels”
look up
73
What are the Sauternes’s chateaux with the higher proportion of Sauvignon Blanc into the blend?
Chateau Guiraut (1st GCC): 35% Chateau Filhot (2GCC): 36%
74
Give some synonym name to Carmenère grape?
Grand Vidure, Biturica, Carbonet
75
What is the particularity of Chateau Valandraud in term of Grape growing?
Is one of the only one in Bordeaux to remains and still cultivation the all 5 GV: Merlot, CF, CS, Malbec and Carmène
76
What is the main sea current affecting the viticulture in Bordeaux?
Gulf Stream
77
What are the 5 sub zone of Cotes de Bordeaux? What wines are produces under this banner?
- CDB Francs: Dry / Sweet Dry (botrytis or passerillage) and Red CDB Castillon: Red Only CDB Cadillac: Red Only CDB Blaye: Dry white CDB Sainte Foy: (added in 2018): Dry, “moelleux” and “liquoreux” white & Red (85% CF, CS, Merlot and Cot + Carmenere, PV)
78
What is the crossing of the Cot?
Prunelard X Madeleine noir des Charentes = Malbec
79
How must be produce the Crémant de Bordeaux AOC? Ageing req?
Traditional method process Must spent 9 mth OTL prior disgorgement. – Not released prior 12 mth after tirage - - 3,5 atm
80
What is the crossing of the Cab Sauv?
Sauvignon Blanc x Cabernet Franc
81
What are the 4 “Satellites” of Saint Emilion?
Lussac-Saint-Emilion Puisseguin-Saint-Emilion Saint Georges -Saint-Emilion Montagne-Saint-Emilion
82
What are the sweet wine appellation of the Garonne’s right bank
Cadillac Loupiac Sainte Croix du Mont Also Cotes de Bdx Saint Maccaire makes sweet wine, although also does sec blanc, and sparkling
83
What are the residual sugar req in Bordeaux for Moelleux and liquoreux?
Liquoreux: Min 51 g/L Moeulleux: 17-45 g/L Dry: max 4 g/L
84
What are the Villages of production for Saint Emilion Grand Crus AOP?
Libourne Saint-Christophe des Bardes Saint Emilion Saint Etienne de Lisse Saint Hippolyte Saint Laurent des Combes Saint Pey d’Armens Saint Sulpice de Faleyrens Vignonet
85
What are the villages that can be used on the label of Pomerol
Pomerol Catusseau Pignon Moulinet
86
Rivers of Pomerol
Isel Barbanne
87
Size of Pomerol
2x Gevrey Chambertin
88
How blue clay also known as?
Buttoriere 'buttonhole'
89
Pomerol yield St. Emilion yield St. Emilion GC yield Medoc yield Medoc famous villages (Pauillac etc)
Pomerol yield - 49 hl/ha St. Emilion yield - 53 hl/ha St. Emilion GC yield - 46 hl/ha Medoc yield - 55 hl/ha Medoc famous villages (Pauillac etc) - 57hl/ha
90
How do you label St. Emilion white wine
IF it is made out of Sauvignon blanc and Semillon - AOC Bordeaux OTHER grapes - vin de France
91
St. Emilion classification updates
1955, 1969, 1986, 1996, 2006, 2012, 2022
92
Which winery has Carmenere in the blend in BDX
Valandraud in Pomerol Clerck Milon - 5th Puaillac Brane Cantenac - 2nd Margaux
93
In Bordeaux in which AOP can you do sparkling wines?
Saint Foy Cotes de Bordeaux AOP Cotes de Bordeaux saint Macaire AOP
94
What are the sub zones of Haut Beauge and style of wine made
Blanc SEC mARcanGOl ESt Maurens Arbis Cantois Gornac Ladaux Escoussans Targon
95
Which AOP allow adoption purposes grapes?
Medoc AOP Listrac Medoc AOP Margaux AOP - only up to 5% Castets!!!
96
Scoring criteria of St. Emilion classification
GC classe 14/20 Premier GC classe 16/20 Tasting of 10-15 vintages Analysis of: topography, soil, viticulture, winemaking, reputation of the estate
97
Name the accessory grape varieties of BDX White and REd
Alvarinho & Liliorina Castets & Marselan & Touriga National & Arinanora
98
What is the crossing of Arinanora
Tannat x Cabernet Sauvignon
99
Crossing of Marselan
Grenache Noir x Cabernet Sauvignon
100
Synonym of Castets
Maturana Tinta de Navarrete
101
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