1
Q
Aspidosperma quebracho-blanco for COPD; actions and indications
A
Actions: stimulating expectorant, lung decongestant
Indications: asthma, cough, phlegmy URTI, lung congestion
CI: n/v
2
Q
Lobelia inflata for COPD; actions, indications,
and low doses ___ and high doses ____
A
Actions: expectorant, emetic, sialogogue
Indications: labored breathing; suffocation sensation; neuralgia radiating to chest
Toxicity: low doses stimulate / high doses suppress
–> esophageal burn, n/v
3
Q
Ephedra sinica for COPD; actions, caution, toxicity
A
Actions: bronchodilation; sympathomimetic stimulation via beta-2 adrenergic receptor
caution: thyroid disease, CVD, diabetes
toxicity: stimulates ANS and HPA axis –> tachycardia, hypertension, arrhythmia
4
Q
Coleus forskohlii for COPD
actions and clinical effects
A
Actions: anti-hypertensive, cardiac support, immune modulation
Clinical effects: ↓ eosinophils in asthma animal models; ↑ IL-10
5
Q
which herb ↓ eosinophils in asthma animal models; ↑ IL-10
A
coleus forskohlii
6
Q
Crocus sativa for COPD actions and clinical effects
A
aka saffron
Actions: carminative, sedative, anxiolytic, antidepressant
Other: ↓ IL-6, ↓ TNF-α
7
Q
which herb ↓ IL-6, ↓ TNF-α
A
crocus sativa (saffron)
8
Q
Eucalyptus globulus for COPD
A
Actions: antimicrobial, antiviral, expectorant, mucolytic, smasmolytic ; aromatic volatile oils for respiratory effects
9
Q
hyssops officinalis for COPD
A
Actions: anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, expectorant
Antimicrobial spectrum: active especially against gram-positive organisms (e.g., Staphylococcus epidermidis, S. aureus) and fungi
asthma in mice: against IL-4, IL-6, IL-17, IFN-gamma; restore Th1/Th2 balance
10
Q
asthma in mice: against IL-4, IL-6, IL-17, IFN-gamma; restore Th1/Th2 balance from which herb
A
hyssopus officinalis
11
Q
glycyrrhiza gabra for COPD
A
Actions: anti-inflammatory, demulcent, expectorant
* Acts on all 12 channels in TCM
* Potentiates corticosteroids; may elevate cortisol
12
Q
hypericum perforatum for COPD
A
aka st johns wart
- Actions: antidepressant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, vulnerary
13
Q
Inula helenium for COPD
A
- Actions: anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, diaphoretic, expectorant
- Use: asthma, cough, bronchitis, URTI
14
Q
marrubium vulgare for COPD
A
- Actions: anti-inflammatory, anti-asthmatic, antispasmodic, diaphoretic, expectorant, antimicrobial esp gram +
15
Q
polygala tenuifolia
A
Actions: psycho-neuro support (insomnia, depression, amnesia)
Other: anti-inflammatory — suppresses NOx, iNOS, COX-2, PGE2, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, LPS
COPD: delays COPD development in smoke-induced mouse models
Saponins: prevent NMDA decline in aged animals; inhibit β-amyloid production
Mechanisms: inhibits breakdown of acetylcholine, dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine; ↑ BDNF
16
Q
— suppresses NOx, iNOS, COX-2, PGE2, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, LPS
COPD: delays COPD development in smoke-induced mouse models
which herb
A
polygala tenuifolia
17
Q
thymus vulgaris for COPD
A
Actions: antimicrobial, antitussive, expectorant, spasmolytic
Respiratory uses: bronchitis, URTI, spasmodic/pertussis-type cough
Cautions: nausea/hypotension toxic warning
18
Q
avena sativa in IPV
A
- Actions: nervine tonic, antidepressant, sedative, nutritive, demulcent
- Uses: anxiety, drug withdrawal, eczema, dermatitis, cognitive enhancement
- Clinical pearls:
– beta-glucans modulate microbiota and SCFAs
– green oat extract improves cognition
19
Q
Elecuthrococcus senticosus for IPV
A
?
20
Q
Humulus lupului for IPV
A
- Actions: hypnotic, sedative, nervine, bitter, anti-inflammatory
- Uses: anxiety with agitation, insomnia, withdrawal support, lactation support (historical)
21
Q
hypericum perforated for IPV
A
?
22
Q
lavendula angqustifilia for IPV
A
aka lavender
- Actions: sedative, relaxant, antioxidant, antispasmodic
- Uses: anxiety, insomnia, digestive dyspepsia, inhaled essential oil works via GABA-A
- Clinical pearl: as effective as lorazepam; acts on GABAA
23
Q
matricaria recitita for IPV
A
aka chamomile
- Actions: sedative, vulnerary, anti-inflammatory, analgesic
- Uses: insomnia, dysmenorrhea, GI sedation, topical anti-inflammatory
- Cautions: Asteraceae allergy
24
Q
Melissa officinalis for IPV
A
aka lemon balm
- Actions: antidepressant, antispasmodic, antiviral, GABAergic, cortisol-lowering
- Uses: anxiety, PMS, cognitive tension symptoms
- Clinical pearl: reduces acetylcholine stimulation and cortisol, increase GABA-A
- Caution: antagonizes TSH receptor → use caution in hypothyroid
25
Nepeta cataria for IPV
aka catnip
* Actions: sedative, antispasmodic, antimicrobial
* Uses: URTI spasmodic cough, GI colic, pediatric calming
* Pearl: insect repellent but attracts cats
* Safety: emmenagogue — caution in pregnancy
26
passiflora incarnata for IPV
?
27
piper methysticum for IPV
?
28
Scutellaria lateriflora for IPV
aka skullcap
* Actions: anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, antispasmodic, nervine relaxant
* Uses: seizures, fasciculations, tremors, nervous exhaustion, post-infection fatigue headaches
* Notes : works on GABA-A
29
valeriana officinali for IPV
?
30
withania somnifera for IPV
- Actions: Adaptogen immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory,
- Ayurvedic: decrease vata and Kapha
- Caution: CNS acting medications
31
magnolia officinali for IPV
- Actions: anxiolytic, antidepressant, anti-asthmatic
- Acts on stagnant and rebellious Qi
- Works on GABA-A
- Greater stress reduction than diazepam + without side effects
32
rehmania glutinosa for IPV
- TCM; sweet, neutral to warming, acts on lower burner, tonifies blood
- Actions: sedative, PMS, menorrhagia, hepatoprotective
- Liver: decerase ALT, AST
- Caution: spleen and stomach defiiecny, diarrhea, anorexia
33
camellia sinusis for IPV
increases alpha brain waves; relaxes the mind;
relaxation without induction of drowsiness;
34
Angelica sinensis for fertility
* Actions: uterine tonic, menstrual regulator, antispasmodic
* TCM: blood tonic, harmonizes cold, reproductive tonic
35
asparagus racemosa for fertility
* Actions: female reproductive tonic, antiaging, galactagogue, cognitive/mood support
* Ayurveda: female yin tonic
36
chamaelirium luteum for fertility
* Actions: uterine tonic, ovary trophorestorative, menstural regulator
* Uses: miscarriage risk, endometriosis, leucorrhea
37
actea racemosa for fertility
?
38
disocorea villosa for fertility
* Actions: antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory, hepatic, cholagogue
* Uses: dysmenorrhea, uterine and ovary pains
* Other uses: obesity, NAFLD, dyslipidemia, diabetes
* Clinical note: precursor chemistry for progesterone/corticosteroids
* Origin of oral contraceptive; corticosteroids;
39
Origin of oral contraceptive; corticosteroids;
discocorea villosa
40
glycyrrhiza gabra for feritlity
?
41
hydrastis canadensis for fertiltiy
king of mucus membrane tonics
* Actions: mucous membrane tonic, antimicrobial, astringent, uterine sedative berberine effects
* TCM: Cold and bitter; clear heat and dispels dampness
42
lepidium meyenii for fertility
aka maca
*
* * Actions: modulates estrogen:testosterone ratio, cortisol modulation
* Uses: menopause fatigue/mood, libido, semen quality, improve semen, androgen like effectspa
43
paeonia lactiflora for fertility
* Actions: anti-inflammatory, mast cell stabilizing, platelet inhibition, anti-spasmodic
* PMS, menorrhagia, menopause
* TCM: nourishes Liver Blood, calms Yang, emotional stabilizer
44
rehmannia glutinosa for fertility
?
45
Serenoa repens for fertility
?
46
tributes terrestris for fertility
* Actions: aphrodisiac, cardiotonic, diuretic, urolithiasis support
* Uses: vitality, mood, endurance, libido
47
whats used to prevent miscarriage
Viburnum opulus
48
trifolium pratense for fertility
* Rich in phytoestrogenic isoflavones → modulates estrogen balance
* Antioxidant + anti-inflammatory
* Supports menopausal symptoms, menstrual regulation
49
vitex agnus-castus for fertility
* Normalizes cycles by ↓FSH, ↑LH
* Reduces prolactin → improves ovulation & luteal phase defects
* Galactogogue
* Helpful in amenorrhea, PMS, infertility, latent hyperprolactinemia, PCOS
* Acts through dopamine receptor modulation
50
lowers FSH; increases LH; inhibit prolactin at higher doses; improve female fertility;
vitex agnus-castus
51
in hyperprolactinemia bind dopamine D2 and opioid receptors
vitex agnus-castus
52
⭐ Viburnum opulus / V. prunifolium for fertility
* Strong uterine antispasmodic for cramps & PMS
* Spasmolytic, nervine, sedative
* Historically used for threatened miscarriage & uterine tension
* V. opulus → better for heavy flow, menopausal menorrhagia
* V. prunifolium → better for nervous tension / smooth muscle relaxation
53
mtichella repens for fertility
* Uterine tonic
* Traditionally used as partus preparatus (late pregnancy support)
* Helpful for irregular contractions, dysmenorrhea, uterine congestion
54
alteris farinosa for fertility
* Contains steroidal saponins (hormone-modulating)
* Supports irregular menses, pelvic laxity, threatened miscarriage
* Also used for digestive debility contributing to reproductive weakness
55
caulophyllum thalictroides for fertility
* Uterine tonic improving strength and coordination
* Used historically to prevent miscarriage after 1st trimester
* Supports conditions with poor uterine tone, amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea
* Preparatory herb for labour regulation
56
prevent miscarriage in 1st trimester
caulophyllum thalictroides
57
atrium lappa for cancer
* Actions: alterative, cholagogue, bitter
* Uses: skin conditions (psoriasis, eczema, dandruff), digestion
* TCM : disperse wind heat, relieve toxicity
58
brassica for cancer
* Actions: phase I estrogen detoxification, antioxidant
* constituents: glucosinolates and phenylthiocarbamide→ hormone metabolism
* Safety: caution in hypothyroid
59
phase 1 estrogen detox
brassica
60
cannabis for cancer
* Actions: CB1 psychoactive; CB2 immune modulating
* Uses: chemo nausea/vomiting, appetite stimulation, drug withdrawal
* Safety: psychosis/schizos risk in susceptible
* Jurisdiction note: ND is THC, MD is CBD and THC presccption
* Focus on constituents NOT species
61
chimaphila umbellata for cancer
* Actions: urinary antiseptic, kidney tonic
* Uses: prostatitis, BPH urinary symptoms, lymphadenopathy
* Safety: best efficacy in alkaline urine
62
actaea racemosa
* Actions: estrogen mimetic, menstrual regulator, mood symptoms
* Uses: menopausal symptoms where estrogen is contraindicated
* Caution in elevated estrogen levels
63
crataegus oxycantha in cancer
* Actions: cardiac tonic, cardioprotective
* Uses: cardiac support during chemo/radiation
64
gentiana lutea for cancer
* Actions: bitter digestive, cholagogue
* Uses: anorexia, weight loss, cachexia-related appetite loss
* Safety: avoid in gastritis
65
Inula helenium fro cancer
?
66
passiflora incarnate for cancer
* Actions: GABAergic (binds GABA), anxiolytic
* Uses: nervousness, insomnia, opiate withdrawal
67
prunus africana for cancer
* Actions: prostate shrinkage, apoptosis induction,
* anti-androgen; inhibits 5 alpha reductase to trurn T DHT
* inhibits IGF-1
* blocks leukotriene synthesis
68
antiandrogen; stops 5 alpha reductase from turning T --> DHT
prunus africana
69
ricinis commununis
aka castor oil
* Actions: laxative, lymphatic stimulant, wound healing
* Uses: fibrosis, scar softening, cystic tissue, dry eyes (1 gtt)
70
Scutellaria baicalensis for cancer
* Actions: anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, antiviral, nervine
* Cancer note: shown active vs several cancer cell lines (i.e. prostate, breast, colon, blood)
71
serenoa repens
aka saw palmetto
* Actions: anti-BPH; useful in androgen excess states incl. PCOS
72
anti BPH and in androgen excess
serenoa repens
73
silybum marianum for cancer
aka milk thistle
* Actions: hepatoprotective, bitter, galactagogue
* Uses: liver injury, acetaminophen toxicity, ETOH hepatitis
74
taraxacum offinalis for cancer
i.e. dandelion
* Liver + digestive tonic → supports detox pathways used heavily during cancer care
* Bitter → improves appetite, bile flow, and digestion
* Anti-inflammatory + antioxidant actions
* Root often used for fatigue, sluggish digestion, mild constipation, and to support metabolic clearance
75
Urtica dioica for cancer
i.e stinging nettle
* BPH, anti- inflammatory, allergic rhinits
76
valeriana officinalis for cancer
* Sedative + anxiolytic for insomnia
* binds GABA
77
verbascum thapsus for cancer
* Respiratory demulcent + expectorant
* Useful for post-radiation cough, chronic irritation, bronchial dryness
78
zingiber official for cancer
* Gold-standard antiemetic → highly effective for chemotherapy-induced nausea
* Supports digestion, circulation, and reduces treatment-related GI discomfort
* Carminative, vomit
79
agaricus bosporus for cancer
aka mushroom
Actions: anticancer, microbiome support, ↑ salivary IgA, metabolic support
Evidence: ↓ PSA in 36% of prostate cancer patients, ↓ ovarian cancer risk ~32%
80
botanical for prostate and ovarian cancer
agaricus Bisporus aka mushroom
81
agaricus blazei for cancer
* β-glucans → strong immune + anticancer activity
* Also antioxidant, antimicrobial, hypoglycemic, hepatoprotective
* Cancer trials: improved appetite, strength, emotional stability; ↓ alopecia; prevented 5-FU leukopenia
* Hepatitis B: ↓ AST/ALT
* Contains hydrazines, but no hepatotoxicity shown
82
which for decrease AST/ALT in hepatitis
agaricus blaze
83
trametes versicolour
I.e. turkey tail
* Powerful immunomodulator rich in PSK + PSP polysaccharopeptides
* Enhances NK cell + T-cell + B Cell function
* Strong evidence for improved survival in breast, gastric, colorectal cancers when combined with chemotherapy
* Supports gut immunity + microbiome, antigatigue, radiation fatigue
84
help NK, B and T cell function
trametes versicolor aka turkey tail
85
ganoderma lucidum in cancer
aka reishi
* Anti cancer, ease the mind, replenish qi, antibacterial, antiviral
* Netter response to chemotherapy, regulate cell cycles of apoptosis
* Inhibit viral replication in hepatitis
86
grifola frondosa for cancer
aka Maitake mushroom
* Contains D-fraction β-glucans → potent immune activator
* Anti cancer, antiviral, antibacterial, hypoglyemic
87
lentinufa edodes for cancre
I.e. shitake mushroom
* Rich in lentinan, a clinically studied anticancer β-glucan
* Immune modulator, anti tumor, gut microbiome
88
ophiocordyceps sinensis for cancer
i.e. cordyceps
* Has nucleosides (i.e. thymine, adenine, etc)
* Anticancer, immune modulation
* Macrophages with adenosine receptors
* Downregulate IL2, TNFa, upregulate IL10
89
what has nucleoside and * Downregulate IL2, TNFa, upregulate IL10
ophiocordyceps sinesis
90
astragalus membraneceus for cancer
Actions: adaptogen, anti-inflammatory, hematopoietic, immune modulating, cardioprotective
Cancer use: improves chemotherapy tolerance and tumor response in NSCL
diabetic neuropathy
91
for diabetic neuropathy
astragalus membranaceous
92
codonopsis pilosula for cancer
Actions: adaptogen, immune support, antitumor
Use with: chemo/radiotherapy; COPD; cognition paired with Ginkgo
TCM: Qi + Spleen tonic, fluid nourisher, Lung tonic
93
eleuthrococcus senticosus for cancer
Actions: adaptogen, anticancer, anti-inflammatory
Uses: chemo/radiation adjuvant; endurance; T2D; angina support
94
panic ginseng for cancer
* Strong adaptogen for vitality, immune enhancement, cancer-related fatigue
* Improves QoL, appetite, stamina, and immune cell activity
* Supports cognition + recovery during or after chemotherapy
95
rhodora rosea for cancer
* Stress-modulating adaptogen
* Improves fatigue, cognition, mood in cancer patients
* Modulates HPA axis, reduces treatment-related exhaustion
* Mild immune-enhancing + antioxidant effects
96
NMT300 FINAL EXAM
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