bourgeoise

Question 1

what were they?

Answer 1

a growing group of middle-class Frenchman like doctors and engineers who were often well educated.

Question 2

The defence of private property

Answer 2

Mose bourgeoise owned private property -> steered the revolution to protect their economic interests by firmly proclaiming that private property was sacred and could not be taken by individuals (AD)

All three constitutions enshrined this law

Private property was only briefly threatened by by the egalitarian demands by the Sans-culottes and enraged ones in the emergency period of 1793-1794

Question 3

The triumph of meritocracy (merit over birth)

Answer 3

The French Revolution gave opportunity for equality

It banned the practice of reserving senior appointments to nobles = all employment available to the most capable applicants (educated and aspirational Bourgeosie)

Question 4

The triumph of employer over employee

Answer 4

From the early stages of the French Revolution, it favoured the employer and against the Labour movement

The d’Allarde Law of March 1791 abolished the old guild system

Le Chapelier Law of June 1791 forbade any labour organisations, such as trade unions or trade

Question 5

The sale of Church and noble lands

Answer 5

The successive sale of prime lands belonging to the Catholic Church and to emigrated nobles provided an unparelled historical opportunity to wealthy bourgeois to buy land previously locked up by privileged ownership

Question 6

The triumph of free trade

Answer 6

The revolution benefited bourgeois manufacturers and traders by reviving internal customs barriers, introducing helpful business measures, and a system of uniform weights and measures

This helped France develop into a capitalist phase of production, as the bourgeois could trade without the impediment of internal customs and tolls

Question 7

The settlement of 1795

Answer 7

The conservative liberal republic of 1795 placed political power firmly and securely in the hands of the very rich men (bourgeois).

Question 8

The impact of war and blockade on merchant traders

Answer 8

The war of the first coalition including England and their mighty Royal Navy, which blockaded France’s trading ports such as Toulon, Toulouse, Marseilles, Bordeaux, and Nantes.

This mercantile bourgeois, which ran ships in the Atlantic slave trade, found their businesses devastated by the closure of France’s ports.

French External trade fell 50% of its 1789 levels.

This led to them opposing the revolution e.g. Federalist revolts