FOUNDATIONS 310 > Bowel > Flashcards

Bowel Flashcards

(75 cards)

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1
Q

What is meconium?

A

first feces from a newborn

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2
Q

what is newborn stool color dependent upon?

A

type of milk ingested

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3
Q

When do you develop duodenocolic reflex?

A

toddler/preschool age

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4
Q

What age do you typically do toilet training after?

A

22 months

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5
Q

Black tarry stool means

A

upper GI bleed

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6
Q

Clay colored stool means

A

liver disfunction- lack of bilirubin

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7
Q

What does yellow/green stool mean?

A

high fat content

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8
Q

normal amount of stool is

A

100-300 g/day

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9
Q

norm stool consistency is

A

soft, formed

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10
Q

What do intestines do besides make stool?

A

segmentation, peristalsis, absorption

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11
Q

what stimulates peristalsis?

A

walls of intestines

-duodenocolic reflex

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12
Q

where are nutrients and electrolytes absorbed?

A

duodenum and jejunum

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13
Q

what is the valsalva maneuver

A
  1. deep breath
  2. contract abd muscles
  3. contract pelvic floor
    - stimulates vagal response
    - can happen in response to bearing down when constipated
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14
Q

what effects does valsalva maneuver have on other body systems?

A
  • slow heart rate
  • unclog ears
  • lower BP initially
  • reset heart rhythm
  • dizziness
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15
Q

which kind of fiber increases GI transit time? and examples

A

solube

-oat bran, barley, nuts

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16
Q

what kind of fiber decreases GI transit time? (and examples)

A

insoluble

-whole grains, fruit/veg

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17
Q

Which kind of fiber promotes loose stools?

A

insoluble

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18
Q

____% of stool is water

A

75

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19
Q

If you have increased GI motility will stool be solid or loose?

A

loose

-not enough water being absorbed by body

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20
Q

factors impacting bowel elimination

A
  • activity
  • ignoring urge leads to weakening urge over time
  • change in routine
  • pregnancy
  • medications
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21
Q

When pregnant women take iron supplement, what happens to bowel habits?

A

constipation

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22
Q

when colon is diverted through a stoma?

A

colostomy

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23
Q

when ileum is diverted through a stoma?

A

ileostomy

-no large intestine

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24
Q

which is more likely to have issues with fluid and electrolyte loss- colostomy or ileostomy?

A

ileostomy b/c no large intestine

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25
What are kock and j pouches?
surgical pouches to give patient control over ostomy bowel movement timing
26
Normal stoma is
pink | on abd surface
27
how much space b/w stoma and bag?
1/8- 1/4"
28
what does a dusky/blue stoma indicate?
poor circulation
29
what does a stoma that is retracting indicate?
potential for feces in ABD cavity --> peritonitis
30
when should ostomy pouch be emptied (volume in bag)
1/4-1/3 of way full
31
what do you rinse the pouch with after cleaning it?
clea warm water with 60 mL syringe
32
what if fecal contents leak around the pouch where it is attached to skin?
-change entire device
33
Scaphoid shaped ABD indicates
malnutrition
34
Distended ABD indicates
obstruction
35
Normal bowel sounds are heard within
5-15 seconds
36
when is auscultation preformed in ABD assessment?
before palpation!
37
if bowel sounds occur more than every 5 seconds =
hyperactive
38
how to listen to confirm absent bowel sounds
3-5 minutes = 1-2 minute/quadrant
39
what is most important factor for determining if someone is constipated or not?
routine | -3 days since last bowel movement might be normal for someone
40
signs of constipation
``` bloating fullness urge to defecate without ability to pass stool malaise loss of appetite nausea vomiting abd distention ```
41
definition of chronic constipation
constipation persistent for at least 12 weeks in a years time
42
common causes of constipation
meds, opioids, fiber, inactivity
43
what is usually the cause of fecal impaction?
result of untreated and unrelieved constipation
44
signs and sxs of fecal impaction
-several day constipation followed by INVOLUNTARY, LOOSE BM that does not relieve feeling of constipation
45
how is fecal impaction diagnosed?
digital rectal exam
46
what type of gastric motility causes diarrhea?
increased
47
What type of bowel sounds with diarrhea?
hyperactive
48
causes of diarrhea
meds, medical conditions, emotional changes
49
symptoms of diarrhea
cramping nausea Prolonged: burning sensation, anal inflammation, bleeding/breakdown
50
causes of fecal incontinence
- neurological injury - spinal cord injury - altered mental status
51
what causes gas?
bacteria activity in large intestine
52
Surgery and gas
- see gas when ambulating after surgery | - see gas with all surgery but more with ABD
53
what foods increase flatulence? what can help with that?
high fiber | -introduce new high fiber diet gradually
54
Distention requires..... | can be caused by.....
investigation and follow up | obstruction or tumor
55
What type of bowel activity could lead to an order for a stool specimen and culture?
-diarrhea or altered color
56
what is a fecal occult blood test
-tests presence of blood in stool
57
fecal occult blood test is screening test for
colorectal cancer b/c blood in stool may indicate cancer or polyps in rectum or colon
58
considerations for after a barium swallow
-impaction, constipation, increase fluids, chalky/white stool, adminster laxative
59
test for upper GI?
EGD
60
Lower GI tests and frequency for colorectal cancer screening
sigmoidoscopy- every 5 yrs | colonoscopy - every 10 years
61
After lower GI tests monitor for...
Dull abd pain (perforation) | bleeding
62
which is used more often? sigmoid or colon oscopy?
colonoscopy since it visualizes the entire colon
63
bulk laxative examples and fxn
metamucil, fibercon | -nonabsorbable fiber attracts water into large intestine
64
emollient (stool softeners) examples and fxn
colace, surfak - allow more water to enter stool - short term usage
65
osmotic laxative and fxn
milk of magnesia, fleet enema, miralax - increase colon motility through release of CCK causing water retention in stool - - more frequent and softer stool
66
stimulant laxative and fxn
castor oil, senokot, ex-lax | -direct stimulation of intestinal mucosa
67
2 antidiarrheal treatments
loperamide | bismuth subsalicylate
68
medications to treat cause of diarrhea
- antimicrobials | - steroids used for inflammatory bowel disease
69
how do you treat CDiff?
fecal microbiota transplantation | -90% effective in treating
70
when should use use bowel training?
for people with neurological impairment
71
tools for bowel training
-schedule | partial sphincter control: pelvic floor exercise, abd massage, biofeedback
72
enema indication
- promote bowel movement | - clear bowel area before a procedure
73
Types of enemas (3)
small volume- mineral oil and steroids large volume- tap water/saline return flow- removes flatus
74
NG tube indications
- gastric decompression - gastric lavage - gastric feeding
75
how do you confirm NG tube placement?
xray! | **confirm before use!
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