Bowel elimination (Chapter 40)

Question 1

Stool analysis is useful in identifying disorders of what 3 things?

Answer 1

GI tract
Liver
Pancreas

Question 2

Bleeding that occurs in upper GI tract is what color?

Answer 2

Black and tarry in appearance

Question 3

Bleeding that occurs in lower GI tract is what color?

Answer 3

Bright red blood

Question 4

Stool analysis is commonly ordered to test what 4 things? OFUO

Answer 4

Occult blood
Fecal fat
Urobilinogen levels
Ova and parasites

Question 5

What is used to detect occult blood in stool that can be as little as 5 mL per day?

Answer 5

Hemoccult test strip

Question 6

This substance found in stool is an indication of failure to digest and absorb dietary fat.

Answer 6

Steatorrhea (fecal fat)

Question 7

This is produced by the breakdown of bilirubin and is responsible for the brown color of stool. Normal levels are 50-300 mg per day.

Answer 7

Urobilinogen

Question 8

Elimination of solid waste products is a normal function of the body and critical to maintaining what 3 things?

Answer 8

1. nutritional status
2. hydration
3. fluid and electrolyte balance

Question 9

This is a collapsible tube connecting the pharynx to the stomach. Primary function is to transport solids and liquids from the mouth where digestion begins, into the stomach.

Answer 9

Esophagus

Question 10

This organ produces and secretes hydrochloric acid, pepsin, intrinsic factor, and mucus.

Answer 10

Stomach
Hydrochloric acid= kills bacteria within food
pepsin= degrades protein
intrinsic factor= protein created to help intestines absorb B12
mucus= protects stomach from gastric acid and enzyme activity

Question 11

This organ is composed of a duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.

Answer 11

Small intestine

Question 12

Part of the small intestine that secretes hormones that trigger pancreas to secrete bile and pancreatic juice.

Answer 12

Duodenum

Question 13

Part of small intestine that controls carbohydrate and protein absorption.

Answer 13

Jejunum

Question 14

Part of small intestine that is responsible for the absorption of fats, bile salts, and water.

Answer 14

Ileum

Question 15

This is caused by allergies or intolerance of food, fluids, or drugs; antibiotic use; cathartic or laxative use; foodborne pathogens; diseases of the colon or psychological stress.

Answer 15

Diarrhea

Question 16

This bacterium causes watery diarrhea that is highly contagious and seen in older adults in hospitals and long-term care.

Answer 16

C. diff

Question 17

The loss of voluntary control of fecal and gaseous discharges through the anus.

Answer 17

Incontinence

Question 18

The bearing down while holding the breath during straining during constipation.

Answer 18

Valsalva maneuver

Question 19

The presence of a hard fecal mass in the rectum or colon that the patient is incapable of expelling. Result of unresolved constipation.

Answer 19

Impaction

Question 20

This is used in radiologic examinations and contributes to the risk for impaction. Encouraged to increase fluids or given laxatives or enemas to ensure removal of it.

Answer 20

Barium

Question 21

What is documented after surgical procedures to indicate the return of normal bowel movements

Answer 21

Flatulence

Question 22

This stops peristalsis during surgery and anesthesia and lasts 24-48 hours

Answer 22

paralytic ileus

Question 23

Which medications directly and indirectly effect bowel elimination? LCAAntiCCaO

Answer 23

Laxatives
Cathartics
Antibiotics
Anticholinergic
Calcium supplements
Opiods

Question 24

These enemas empty the bowel and remove feces through instillation of fluid. Can be hypertonic or isotonic

Answer 24

cleansing enemas

Question 25

These enemas are for lubricating the rectum and colon.

Answer 25

oil retention enemas

Question 26

These are antibiotic or anthelmintic enemas used to treat local infections such as bacteria, worms, and parasites.

Answer 26

medication enemas

Question 27

These enemas provide relief from gastric distention by stimulating peristalsis to improve passage of flatus.

Answer 27

Carminative enemas

Question 28

These enemas provide relief from gastric distention by stimulating peristalsis to improve passage of flatus but require a higher volume of solution 100-200 mL

Answer 28

Return-flow enemas