Braces Lecture

Question 1

Three main helmet oversight pieces to know?

Answer 1

NCAA/NFHS usage rules; NOCSAE testing/standard; proper fit check. [Preventive]

Question 2

Football helmet fit essentials?

Answer 2

Front rim ~1 in above brows; minimal rotation; snug jaw pads; occiput covered without neck impingement; tight chin strap. [Preventive]

Question 3

Face mask differences by position?

Answer 3

Lineman: full cage + middle bar; QB/RB/WR: smaller for vision; keep tools to remove face mask. [Preventive]

Question 4

Modern helmets—injury shift?

Answer 4

↓ cranial trauma; concern for ↑ spinal trauma → spear tackling banned (1976). [Preventive]

Question 5

Improper football helmet fit effect?

Answer 5

↑ number/duration of concussion symptoms. [Preventive]

Question 6

Hockey face shields effect?

Answer 6

Mandated shields ↓ eye injuries; non‑wearers accounted for remaining injuries. [Preventive]

Question 7

Baseball helmets—when required?

Answer 7

On deck, batting, running bases; compliance poor outside organized play. [Preventive]

Question 8

Ski/snowboard helmets?

Answer 8

Reduce head trauma; concussion reduction evidence limited. [Preventive]

Question 9

Who must wear protective eyewear always?

Answer 9

Functionally one‑eyed athletes (>20/40 one eye, ≤20/40 other). [Preventive]

Question 10

High‑risk sports eyewear spec?

Answer 10

3 mm polycarbonate lenses + ASTM F803 frame; antifog; professional fitting. [Preventive]

Question 11

Lower‑risk sports eyewear spec?

Answer 11

2 mm polycarbonate lenses acceptable. [Preventive]

Question 12

Highest eye‑injury sports by age?

Answer 12

Baseball 5–14; Basketball 15–24; Swimming ≥25. [Preventive]

Question 13

Do mouth guards prevent concussion?

Answer 13

No consistent evidence; they ↓ dental/oral trauma. [Preventive]

Question 14

Football shoulder pads—types?

Answer 14

Flat (mobility) vs Cantilevered (protection). [Preventive]

Question 15

AC‑joint pad use?

Answer 15

Protects AC after sprain during play. [Management]

Question 16

Shoulder abduction/ER‑restricting braces purpose?

Answer 16

Prevent anterior instability events. [Management]

Question 17

Chest protectors & commotio cordis?

Answer 17

Traditional models don’t reliably prevent; multilayer designs promising in animal models. [Preventive]

Question 18

Weight belts—evidence?

Answer 18

Limited prevention evidence; increase intra‑abdominal pressure. [Preventive]

Question 19

Five knee‑brace categories?

Answer 19

Rehabilitative, Prophylactic (insufficient evidence), Functional (instability), Patellofemoral, Unloader (unicompartment OA). [Preventive/Management]

Question 20

Unloader brace evidence?

Answer 20

Cochrane review suggests pain/function benefit in unicompartment knee OA. [Management]

Question 21

Do ankle supports prevent sprain recurrence?

Answer 21

Yes, ≈50–70% reduction; effective for primary prevention too. [Preventive]

Question 22

Ankle brace types by stage?

Answer 22

Stirrup (acute), Lace‑up (subacute/chronic), Hinged‑stirrup (across stages). [Management]

Question 23

Spatting vs tape?

Answer 23

Spatting+Tape > Tape > Spatting for inversion resistance; prevention data limited. [Preventive]

Question 24

Football cleats—surface match?

Answer 24

Detachable ½‑in studs: natural/new turf; non‑detachable small studs: artificial turf (↑ turf‑toe risk). [Preventive]

Question 25

Breakaway bases effect?

Answer 25

↓ sliding‑related injuries by ~96%. [Preventive]