1
Q
What is the CN I ?
A
Olfactory nerve
2
Q
CN II ?
A
Optic n
3
Q
CN III ?
A
Oculomotor n
4
Q
CN IV ?
A
Trochlear n
5
Q
CN V?
A
Trigeminal n
6
Q
CN VI ?
A
Abducens n.
7
Q
CN VII ?
A
Facial n.
8
Q
CN VIII ?
A
Vestibulocochlear n
9
Q
CN IX ?
A
Glossopharyngeal n
10
Q
CN X ?
A
Vagus n
11
Q
CN XI ?
A
Accessory n.
12
Q
CN XII ?
A
Hypoglossal n.
13
Q
Which nerve provides TASTE to the rostral 2/3 of the tounge?
A
Chorda tympani n - sensory branch off of facial n (CN VII)
14
Q
What gives motor sensation to the caudal belly of the digastricus?
A
Facial n. (CN VII)
15
Q
Where does the facial nerve enter? Exit?
A
Enters though INTERNAL ACOUSTIC MEATUS
Exits through STYLOMASTOID FORAMEN
16
Q
What are the branches off of the vestibulocochlear nerve?
A
Vestibular n. - sensory to hair cells of maculae and cristae (Balance)
Cochlear n. - sensory to organ of Corti (Hearing)
17
Q
The glossopharyngeal nerve supplies parasympathetic innervation to __________
A
Parotid and Zygomatic salivary glands
18
Q
What does CN XI supply motor innervation to?
A
COST
- Cleidocephalicus m
- Omotransversarius m.
- Sternocephalicus m.
- Trapezius m.
19
Q
Which nerves leave the jugular foramen/tympano-occipital fissure?
A
CN IX, X, and XI
Glossopharyngeal n, Vagus n. Accessory n.
20
Q
What gives motor innervation to the tounge?
A
CN XII - Hypoglossal n.
21
Q
What nerve runs with the lingual artery? *****
A
Hypoglossal n (CN XII)
22
Q
How does CN XII exit the skull?
A
Through the hypoglossal foramen, canal
23
Q
What does the oculomotor n send parasympathetic fibers to?
A
- Pupillary sphincter m - reduces pupil diameter
- Ciliary m. - lens curvature
24
Q
What does the facial n give parasympathetic innervation to?
A
PNS to Sublingual and Mandibular salivary glands, glands of tounge, lacrimal gland
25
What does CN IX give parasympathetic innervation to?
Glossopharyngeal n gives PNS to PAROTID and ZYGOMATIC salivary glands
26
Which cranial nerve provide parasympathetic innervation?
1. CN III Oculomotor n.
2. CN VII Facial n.
3. CN IX Glossopharyngeal n.
4. CN X Vagus n.
27
What sympathetic ganglion is found in the head?
Cranial cervical sympathetic ganglion
28
What are the branches off of the Trigeminal n. ?
1. Ophthalmic branch
2. Maxillary branch
3. Mandibular branch
29
What is the caudal boundary of the oral cavity?
palatoglossal fold
30
Where is the oral vestibule located?
between teeth and lips/cheeks
31
What papillae are found on the rostral tounge?
filiform and fungiform papillae
32
What papillae are found on the caudal part of the tounge?
Vallate and conical papillae
33
What supplies taste to the rostral tounge?
chorda tympani off of facial n CVII
34
What supplied taste to the caudal part of the tounge?
Glossopharyngeal n IX
35
What supplies touch to the rostral tounge?
Lingual branch of of trigeminal n V
36
What are the 4 tounge muscles?
1. Lingualis proprius
2. Genioglossus
3. Hypoglossus
4. Styloglossus
37
What is the action of the styloglossus?
retracts and elevates the tounge
attaches to stylohyoid bone
38
What is the action of the genioglossus?
Protrudes the tounge and retracts the lips
39
What is the action of the hypoglossus?
Retracts and depresses the tounge
40
Where does the PAROTID gland drain?
In the ORAL VESTIBULE at upper PM4
41
Where does the zygomatic gland drain?
In the ORAL VESTIBULE at upper M1-M2
42
Where can the monostomatic sublingual gland be found and where does it drain?
Found rostral to the mandibular salivary gland
opens at the sublingual caruncle
43
What does the parotid lymph node drain?
superficial face dorsal to the palate
sends efferents to medial retropharyngeal LN
44
What does the mandibular lymph node drain?
VENTRAL superficial face and tounge
sends efferents to medial retropharyngeal LN
45
Where can you find the medial retropharyngeal lymphnode?
Between wing of atlas and larynx
46
Where is the palatine tonsil located? what covers it?
in the OROPHARYNX caudal to palatoglossal fold
covered by semilunar fold
47
Which muscles make up the hyoid apparatus?
1. Geniohyoideus m.
2. Mylohyoideus m.
3. Sternohyoideus m.
4. Thyrohyoideus m.
48
Which muscles of the hyoid apparatus PROTRACT the hyoid bone?
1. Geniohyoideus m.
2. Mylohyoideus m.
49
Which muscles of the hyoid apparatus RETRACT the hyoid bone?
1. Sternohyoideus m.
2. Thyrohyoideus m.
50
The sternohyoideus m. is innervated by
Hypoglossal n XII
51
The thyrohyoideus m is innervated by
Hypoglossal n XII
52
The mylohyoideus m is innervated by
Mylohyoid n off of Mandibular off of Trigeminal n (CN V)
53
The geniohyoideus m. is innervated by
Hypoglossal n XII
54
What attaches to the rostral cornu of the thyroid bone?
Rostral cornu attaches to the thyrohyoid bone
55
What does the caudal cornu of the thyroid bone attach to?
The cricoid cartilage
56
Which muscle constricts the pharynx?
Thyropharyngeus m
57
Which muscle retracts the larynx down the neck?
Sternopharyngeus m.
58
Which muscle PROTRACTS the larynx?
Thyrohyoideus m.
59
What are the intrinsic muscles of the larynx?
1. Cricoarytenoideus lateralis m.
2. Cricoartyenoideus dorsalis m.
60
What is the action of the Cricoartyenoideus dorsalis m.
ABDUCTS the vocal folds, opens the glottis
61
What is the action of the Cricoarytenoideus lateralis m.
ADDUCTS the vocal fold, closes the glottis
62
What nerve innervates the larynx?
Vagus n (CN X)
63
What gives motor innervation to the cricothyroideus m.?
Cranial laryngeal branch off of Vagus n (CN X)
64
What gives motor innervation the cricoarytenoideus dorsalis m and cricoartyenoideus lateralis m. ?
caudal laryngeal nerve off of vagus n (CN X)
65
the cranial laryngeal branch provides sensory innervation to _________
the supraglottic cavity cranial to the glottis
66
the caudal laryngeal branch provides sensory innervation to _________
the infraglottic cavity, caudal to the glottis
67
What happens if the vagus nerve is damaged?
Cant abduct vocal fold due to paralysis of cricoarytenoideus dorsalis m.
causes a ROARING noise
68
What forms the roof of the oropharynx?
Soft palate
69
What forms the floor of the nasopharynx?
soft palate
70
What is the rostral boundary of the oropharynx?
Palatoglossal fold
71
What is the caudal boundary of the oropharynx?
Palatopharyngeal folds
72
Where is the opening of the auditory tube?
Nasopharynx
73
What is the rostral boundary of the nasopharynx?
Choanae
74
What is the caudal border of the nasopharynx?
Palatopharyngeal arches
75
What is the rostral border of the laryngopharynx?
Palatopharyngeal arches / caudal soft palate
76
What is the caudal border of the laryngopharynx?
pharyngoesophageal limen
77
What are the 3 constrictor muscles of the pharynx?
1. Hyopharyngeus
2. Thyropharyngeus
3. Cricopharyngeus
78
What muscle dilates the pharynx?
Stylopharyngeus m.
79
What nerve supplies muscles of the pharynx?
Glossopharyngeal n (CN IX) and Vagus n (CN X)
80
An inability to swallow and a lack of a gag reflex indicates damage to ________ nerve
Glossopharyngeal n (CN IX) and/or Vagus n (CN X)
81
Why is the chorda tympani n. not able to be seen?
Runs inside of the LINGUAL n
82
Which cranial nerves are sensory only?
1. Olfactory n. (CN I)
2. Optic n. (CN II)
3. Vestibulocochlear n (CN VIII)
83
Which cranial nerves have parasympathetic innervation?
CN III
CN VII
CN IX
CN X
84
What does CN III give motor innervation to
1. Ventral oblique m.
2. Dorsal rectus m.
3. Ventral rectus m.
4. Medial rectus m.
5. Levator palpebrae superioris m.
85
What does CN III give parasympathetic innervation to?
1. Pupillary sphincter m. (reduces pupil diameter)
2. Ciliary m.
86
What does CN IV supply motor innervation to?
Dorsal oblique m.
87
What does CN VI give motor innervation to?
1. Lateral rectus m.
2. Retractor bulbi m.
88
Which nerves pass through the orbital fissue?
CN III
CN IV
Ophthalmic branch off Trigeminal n (CN V)
CN VI
89
Where does the mandibular n exit the skull?
Oval foramen
90
Where does the maxillary n exit the skull?
Round foramen and then out of rostral alar foramen
91
What nerve give motor innervation to the muscles of mastication: Masseter m, Temporalis m., Pterygoid m. Cranial belly of digastricus
Mandibular branch off of Trigeminal (CN V)
92
What gives sensory innervation to the medial aspects of the upper and lower eyelids?
Ophthalmic branch off Trigeminal n (CN V)
93
What nerve gives sensation to the upper teeth and lips?
Infraorbital branch off of maxillary off of Trigeminal n (CN V)
94
What are the branches off the mandibular n?
1. Buccal n.
2. Lingual n.
3. Inferior Alveolar n.
4. Mylohyoid n.
5. Auriculotemporal n.
*** all sensory except mylohyoid n is mixed
95
What are the branches off the maxillary n. ?
1. Zygomatic n.
2. Infraorbital n.
3. Pterygopalatine n.
96
What nerve gives sensation to the lower teeth and lips?
Inferior alveolar n off of mandibular off of Trigeminal n ( CN V)
97
What does the auriculotemporal n innervate?
Sensory to the external ear
branch off of maxillary n.
98
CN VII gives visceral motor (PSNS) to _________
Mandibular and sublingual salivary glands via chorda tympani
Lacrimal gland via major petrosal n.
stimulates secretions
99
Where does CN VII enter and exit the skull?
Enters through internal acoustic meatus
Exits through stylomastoid foramen
100
What is the function of the vestibular n ?
Sensory to hair cells - macule and cristae
IMPT for balance
101
What is the function of the cochlear n?
Sensory to organ of corti
IMPT for hearing
102
CN IX sends PNS fibers to ________
Parotid and Zygomatic salivary glands
to increase secretions
103
CN IX provides motor innervation to _______
1. Stylopharyngeus m
and other pharyngeal muscles with help from vagus n.
104
Which nerves exit the skull via the jugular foramen and tympano-occipital fissure?
CN IX, X, and XI
Glossopharyngeal, Vagus, and Accessory n.
105
What does the lingual artery supply?
Tounge and palatine tonsil
106
What is the only branch off of the common carotid artery?
Cranial thyroid a.
107
What does the cranial thyroid artery supply?
Thyroid + parathyroid glands
Pharyngeal and laryngeal muscles
cervical trachea and esophagus
108
Where is the carotid sinus found?
At the origin of the internal carotid a.
109
What are the branches of the external carotid artery in order
1. Occipital
2. Lingual
3. Facial
4. Caudal auricular a.
5. Superficial temporal a.
then name change to maxillary a.
110
What is the terminating branch of the external carotid artery before the name change to maxillary artery?
Superficial temporal a.
111
What gives blood supply to the caudal muscles of the skull?
Occipital artery
112
What does the facial artery supply?
blood supply to lips and nose
113
What gives blood supply to the external ear?
Caudal auricular artery
114
What is the clinical relevance of the caudal auricular artery?
1. Ear canal resection
2. Aural hematomas
3. Total ear ablation surgery
115
What does the superficial temporal artery give blood supply to?
1. Masseter m.
2. Temporal m.
3. Parotid salivary gland
116
What are the branches of the maxillary artery?
1. External ophthalmic a.
2. Inferior alveolar a.
3. Infraorbital a.
117
What gives blood supply to the periorbita?
External ophthalmic a. off of maxillary off of external carotid
118
what 2 veins join to form the external jug vein?
Maxillary and linguofacial veings
119
What is the space between the incisors and canines called?
Interdental space
120
What is the canine dental formula for an adult?
2 ( 3/3 I , 1/1 C , 4/4 P , 2/3 M ) = 42
121
How many teeth does an adult dog have?
42
122
How many teeth do an adult cat have?
30
123
What is the FELINE dental formula for an adult?
2 ( 3/3 I , 1/1 C , 3/2 P , 1/1 M )
124
What is the canine deciduous dental formula?
2 ( 3/3 I , 1/1 C , 3/3 P ) = 28
125
The left upper canine in an adult dog is what number?
204
126
How many upper molars are found in an adult dog? How many lower molars are found?
2 upper molars in each quadrant = 4 total
3 bottom molars in each quadrant = 6 total
127
How many deciduous teeth are present in a cat?
26
128
What is the feline deciduous teeth dental formula?
2 (3/3 I , 1/1 C , 3/2 P ) = 26
129
What is normal occlusion in dog and cats?
upper incisors are slightly rostral to lower incisors
130
What is it called when the pre molars dont touch/occlude?
carrying space
131
What are supernumerary teeth?
Extra incisors and premolars
132
What is the EQUINE dental formula for permanent teeth?
2 ( 3/3 I , C 1/1 , 3(4)/3 P , 3/3 M ) = 40-42
133
What is the wolf tooth?
upper P1 of horses
not linked to sex, sometimes there sometimes not
134
How many deciduous teeth does a baby horse have?
24
135
What tooth is more commonly seen in male horses?
Canines more common in male horses
136
What is the equine deciduous teeth formula?
2 ( 3/3 I , 3/3 P)
** NO CANINES
** NO MOLARS
6 incisors on top and bottom, 6 pre molars on top and bottom
137
How many permanent teeth are present in ruminants?
32
138
What is the dental formula for an adult ruminant?
2 ( 0/3 I , 0/1 C , 3/3 P , 3/3 M ) = 32
139
How many deciduous teeth are found in ruminants?
20
140
Where is the middle ear located?
Tympanic bulla
141
Which part of the ear communicates with the nasopharynx via the auditory tube?
Middle ear
142
Which muscle in the middle ear acts to decrease vibrations?
Stapedius m.
143
What are consequences of otitis media?
1. Loss of taste due to damage of chorda tympani n off facial n (CN VII)
2. Impaired hearing
3. Inability to equalize pressure due to auditory tube being blocked
144
What structures are found in the membranous maze of the inner ear?
1. Organ of hearing - cochlea
2. Vestibular apparatus - semicircular canals, utricle, saccule
145
Hairs of sensory cells on the Organ of Corti move and send signals to the brain via the _________ n
Cochlear n
146
Damage to CN VIII would result in
1. Head tilt
2. Ataxia/ circling
3. Nystagmus
4. Loss of hearing
147
Which species have a complete orbit?
Horse, cow, goat
*** dogs have incomplete orbit
148
What are the functions of the orbit?
Protect the eye and structures around it
provides attachment for extrinsic m. of eyeball
149
Where can the lacrimal gland be found?
under the orbital ligament
150
What makes up the fibrous tunic?
1. Sclera
2. Cornea
151
What makes up the vascular tunic?
1. Iris
2. Ciliary body
3. Choroid
152
What makes up the retina?
1. Pigmented layer
2. Neural layer
153
What is the junction between the cornea and sclera?
Limbus = corneoscleral jxn
154
What controls the shape of the lens?
Ciliary m. and ciliary ligaments
155
What regulates the size of the pupil?
Iris
156
What maintains intraocular pressure?
Vitreous humor
157
Drooping of the UPPER eyelid indicates damage to the _______ nerve
Oculomotor n (CN III) - lack of supply to levator palpebrae superioris m.
158
The inability to blink indicates damage to _______ nerve
Palpebral branch off of auriculopalpebral off of Facial n (CN VII)
- Lack of supply to orbicularis oculi m.
GA 2
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