Cross Sectional Anatomy > Brain > Flashcards

Brain Flashcards

(72 cards)

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1
Q

What are the 5 lobes of the brain?

A
  • Frontal
  • Temporal
  • Occipital
  • Parietal
  • Insula
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2
Q

What are the major fissures of the brain?

A
  • Longitduinal fissure
  • Transverse fissure
  • Central fissure
  • Lateral fissure
  • Parietal/Occipital fissure
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3
Q

What does the longitudinal fissure divide?

A

The cerebrum into two hemispheres

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4
Q

What are the hemispheres of the cerebrum connected by?

A

A band of white fibers in the center called the corpus callosum

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5
Q

What does the longitudinal fissure also contain?

A

Falx cerebri, which is an extension of the dura mater

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6
Q

What does the transverse fissure separate?

A

The cerebrum from the cerebellum

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7
Q

What does the central fissure separate?

A

Frontal and parietal lobes

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8
Q

What is the central fissue also known as?

A

Rolando fissure

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9
Q

What does the lateral fissure separate?

A

Frontal and parietal lobes above and temporal lobe below

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10
Q

What is the lateral fissure also known as?

A

Sylvian fissure

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11
Q

What does the parietal/occipital fissure separeate?

A

The parietal lobes and occipital lobe

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12
Q

What is the cerebrum?

A

The largest and most prominent part of the human brain

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13
Q

What does the cerebrum govern?

A

All higher mental processes, center for reason, intellect, memory, language and consciousness

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14
Q

What is the midbrain?

A

The smallest aspect of the brainstem between the pons and diencephalon

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15
Q

Where does the midbrain extend?

A

From the pons to the diencephalon and rests on the sphenoid bone

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16
Q

What does the midbrain control?

A

Hearing and visual reflexes

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17
Q

Where is the diencephalon?

A

Located between the cerebrum and the mesencephalon

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18
Q

What does the diencephalon consist of?

A

Several structures and is near the 3rd ventricle

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19
Q

What does the diencephalon house?

A

Thalamus and hypothalamus glands

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20
Q

What are the layers of materal before the brain?

A
  • Skull
  • Periostem
  • dura mater
  • subdural space
  • arachnoid
  • subarachnoid (vessels live here)
  • pia mater
  • brain
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21
Q

What is gray metter?

A

Groups of cell bodies and their dendrites

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22
Q

What is gray metter on the surface of the brain called?

A

Cortex

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23
Q

What is gray matter deep within the brain called?

A

Nuclei

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24
Q

What is white matter?

A

Bundles of axons and their myelin sheaths

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25
What does white matter form?
The conduction pathways of nerve tracts which propogate messages from one area of grey matter to the next
26
What are the meningies?
Coverings of the brain in 3 layers
27
What are the 3 layers of meninges?
- pia metter - arachnoid - duramater
28
What level is the pia matter?
Inner layer and is attached to the brain
29
What level is the arachnoid?
Middle layer
30
What level is the dura mater?
Outer layer - spinal cord
31
What are the parts of the brainstem?
Medulla Pons Midbrain
32
What is the medulla oblongata?
Most inferior portion of the brainstem that is continuous with the spinal cord
33
What does the medulla oblongata regulate?
Heartbeat, respiration and blood pressure
34
What is the pons?
Bridge the lieds above the medulla and is continuous with it
35
What does the pons relay?
Info between the cerebrum and cerebellum
36
What is the midbrain involved in?
Hearing and visual reflexes
37
What are ventricles?
Fluid filled cavities within the brain where CSF flows
38
What is the order the CSF flows in within the ventricles?
Lateral ventricle -> 3rd ventricle through the cerebral aqueducts -> 4th ventricle -. subarachnoid space
39
What does CSF do?
Baths the brain and spinal cord and provides a protective cushion
40
Where is CSF formed?
In the choroid plexus
41
What does CSF contain?
H2O, electrolytes and proteins
42
What is the choroid plexus?
A specialized structure in the ventricles that produces CSF
43
Where does the choroid plexus lie?
Starts as tiny blood vessels in the 3rd ventricle and lateral ventricle
44
What is the cerebellum?
The second largest aspect of the brain
45
What is the cerebellum responsible for?
Smooth coordinated movements
46
Where is the 3rd ventricle?
Lies in the middle of the forebrain and is superior to the sella turcica
47
Where is the 4th ventricle?
Lies in the hindbrain, within the pons or in the upper medulla
48
What are the characteristics of the 4th ventricle?
Has a diamond shape in cross sections of the brain
49
Where are the lateral ventricles?
One in each hemisphere of the cerebrum and are separated by the corpus calloseum
50
Which is the largest ventricle?
Lateral ventricles
51
What are the 4 communications points of the lateral ventricle?
- foramen of monro - foramen of magendie - foramen of luschka - aqueduct of sylvius
52
What is the foramen of monro?
Connects the lateral ventricle to the upper part of the third ventricle
53
What is the foramen of magendie?
Extends from the midline of the roof of the 4th ventricle to the subarachnoid space
54
What is the foramen of luschka?
Extends from the roof of the lateral recesses ofthe 4th ventricle to the subarachnoid space
55
What is the acquedut of sylvius?
Connects the posterior portion of the 3rd ventricle to the 4th ventricle
56
What happens with old CSF?
Its disposed of thorugh osmosis through the arachnoid villi on top of the brain and filters into the blood stream
57
What is the falx cerebri?
Is a strong, arched fold of dura mater which descends vertically in the longituduinal fissure between the two cerebral hemispheres
58
What is the pituitary gland?
An endocrine gland who's secretions stimulate other endocrine glands (growth)
59
Where is the pituitary gland located?
In the sella turcica
60
What are endocrine glands?
Glands that secrete hormones into the blood rather than through a duct
61
What is the thalamus?
A gland that influences mood
62
Where is the thalamus located?
Between the cerebrum and midbrain
63
What is the pineal gland?
And endocrine gland that influences the onset of puberty
64
What happens to the pineal gland later in life?
Calcifies
65
Where is the pineal gland located?
In the thalamus
66
What is the caudate nucleus?
Is a island of gray matter located in the center of all white matter
67
What is the corpus callosum?
A nerve tract that allows communication between the 2 hemispheres of the cerebrum
68
What type of structure is the corpus callosum?
White matter structure
69
What are penduncles?
White matter that allows communication betweem different aspects of the brain
70
How many cranial nerves are there?
12
71
What are cranial nerves?
Nerves that emerge directly from the brain
72
What are the 12 nerves and functions
1. Olfactory (Smell) 2. Optic cerve (sight) 3. Oculomotor (Moves eyes) 4. Trochlear Nerve (Muscles) 5. Trigeminal nerve (Sensory in face) 6. Abduces Nerve (Motor impulses of eyes) 7. Facial nerve (Taste) 8. Vestibulocochear nerve (Hearing) 9. Glossopharyngeal nerve (Motor impulses and monitor blood) 10. Vagus nerve (stimulate phaynx, layrnx, thoracic and abdomen viscera) 11. Accessory nerves (stomulates pharynx, palantine and layrnx 12. Hypoglossal nerve (Muscle of tongue)
Cross Sectional Anatomy
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