adj. relating to the senses, to sensation, or to a part or all of the neural apparatus and its supporting structures that are involved in any of these
SENSORY
Put them in order: motor output, sensory input, brain processing
Sensory input → brain processing → motor output
- Detects physical stimuli
- Converts stimuli into neural signals
- Includes visual, auditory, somatosensory, olfactory, and gustatory systems
SENSORY AND MOTORY SYSTEM
refers to the process by which the brain
organizes, integrates, and interprets sensory
information received from the sensory organs (eyes,
ears, skin, etc.) so that we can recognize and
understand objects and events in our environment
PERCEPTION
state in which cognitive resources are focused on
certain aspects of the environment rather than on
others and the central nervous system is in a state of
readiness to respond to stimuli.
ATTENTION
What are the 3 types of attention?
- Selective attention
- Divided attention
- Sustained attention
Parts of the Eye
Protects the eye and bends light
Cornea
Parts of the Eye
Controls amount of light entering
Pupil
Parts of the Eye
Controls pupil size
Iris
Parts of the Eye
Focuses light onto the retina
Lens
Parts of the Eye
Contains photoreceptors
Retina
Parts of the Eye
Sends signals to the brain
Optic Nerve
is a complex network of the eyes and brain
that processes light into vision, enabling us to perceive the world by detecting light, color, shape, motion, and depth, converting photons into neural signals that travel from the retina through the optic nerve to the
visual cortex for interpretation, guiding actions and building a mental model of our surroundings.
VISUAL
SYSTEM
(your rods and cones) are
specialized light-detecting cells on the
at the back of your eyes retinas
Photoreceptors
is the biochemical process or mechanism that occurs inside those cells, where light is converted into electrical signals, enabling vision
PHOTOTRANSDUCTION
Photoreceptors in the Retina
Sensitive to dim light
Black and white vision
Important for night vision
Rods
Photoreceptors in the Retina
Color vision
Sharp detail
Work best in bright light
Cones
Defined as he anatomical route through which electrical signals generated by the retina are transmitted to the brain, involving the optic nerve, optic chiasm, lateral geniculate nucleus, and ultimately reaching the visual cortex for sight perception
Visual Pathway
occur when perception does not accurately represent the physical reality of a stimulus. These illusions reveal how the brain interprets sensory information rather than passively recording it
SENSORY ILLUSIONS
is a reduction in sensitivity to a
stimulus after constant exposure to it. While sensory
adaptation reduces our awareness of a stimulus, it
helps free up our attention and resources to attend to
other stimuli in our environment
SENSORY ADAPTATION
Visual Cortex and Processing Streams
is a major visual pathway in the brain, running from the
visual cortex up to the parietal lobe, known as the “where/how” pathway, responsible for spatial awareness, motion detection, and guiding actions like reaching and grasping, helping you interact with the environmen
Dorsal Stream
Visual Cortex and Processing Streams
“what pathway,” is a major visual processing route in the brain, extending from the the occipital lobe to
temporal lobe, responsible for object recognition, color, and form perception, allowing us to identify what we’re seeing, unlike the dorsal stream (“where/how pathway”).
Ventral Stream
CORTICAL VISUAL STREAMS
- Where & how?
- Spatial, navigation
- Doing & handing
Dorsal Route
CORTICAL VISUAL STREAMS
- What?
- Object & brand recognition
- Naming & knowing
Vental Route
