Define breast cancer.
A malignant tumor that develops from breast cells.
What is the most common type of breast cancer?
Invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC).
True or false: Mammography is used for breast cancer screening.
TRUE
Mammography can detect tumors before they are palpable.
Fill in the blank: BRCA1 and _______ are genes associated with breast cancer risk.
BRCA2
What does staging in breast cancer refer to?
Determining the extent of cancer spread in the body.
Define lumpectomy.
Surgical removal of a tumor and a small margin of surrounding tissue.
What is the purpose of sentinel lymph node biopsy?
To determine if cancer has spread to lymph nodes.
True or false: Chemotherapy is always used in early-stage breast cancer.
FALSE
Chemotherapy is often reserved for later stages or aggressive types.
What is radiation therapy used for in breast cancer treatment?
To destroy remaining cancer cells after surgery.
Define mastectomy.
Surgical removal of one or both breasts, partially or completely.
Fill in the blank: Hormone receptor-positive breast cancers respond to _______.
Hormonal therapies
What is the role of HER2 in breast cancer?
HER2 is a protein that promotes the growth of cancer cells.
True or false: Breast self-exams are recommended for all women.
FALSE
Self-exams are not universally recommended; guidelines vary.
What is the goal of adjuvant therapy?
To reduce the risk of cancer recurrence after primary treatment.
Define neoadjuvant therapy.
Treatment given before surgery to shrink tumors.
What does triple-negative breast cancer mean?
Cancer that lacks estrogen, progesterone, and HER2 receptors.
Fill in the blank: Tamoxifen is used to treat _______ breast cancer.
Hormone receptor-positive
What is the significance of tumor grade?
It indicates how aggressive the cancer is likely to be.
True or false: Breast cancer can only occur in women.
FALSE
Men can also develop breast cancer, though it’s rare.
What is the 5-year survival rate for localized breast cancer?
Approximately 99%.
