Nursing > Breast Disorders > Flashcards

Breast Disorders Flashcards

(18 cards)

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1
Q

Breast Disorders

A
  • Affect both men and women
  • Most lumps are benign
  • May have affects on one’s self esteem and body image awareness
  • Can occur at any age
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2
Q

Benign Breast Disorders

A
  1. Fibroadenoma (most common): younger women and adolescents - MASS OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE - movable tumor.
  2. Fibrocystic breast disease (FBD): involves lobules, ducts; tender breasts, pain; CYSTS ( drain fluid out of cyst); supportive bra to reduce discomfort.
  3. Ductul ectasia: blockage of ducts : discharge (greenish brown fluid ) from nipple , edema, redness - infectious process; analyze discharge from fluid
  4. Intraductal ectasia: papiloma (NOT PALPABLE mass)- discharge
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3
Q

Gynecomastia

A 
“female breasts”;Benign
Caused by:
1. abnormal growth of the glandular tissue
2. Corticosteroids; medications
3. Aging
4. Obesity
5. Excess estrogen 
6. Alcoholism
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4
Q

Breast Cancer

A

Most commonly diagnosed
2nd highest cause of death by cancer
The earlier it’s found, the better chances for survival
Characterized by one abnormal cell which replicates
Invasive or noninvasive

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5
Q

Noninvasive Breast Cancer

A 
•	Cancer cells remain within the duct
•	Not yet harmful to client
•	Can lead to invasive breast CA if not treated 
- Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS)
- Lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS)
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6
Q

Invasive Breast Cancer

A

Infiltrating ductal carcinoma
 Most common
 Starts in the duct, spreads to breast tissue
 Palpable lesion, irregular pattern
 Tumor grows fibrosis develops enters lymphatic channelsblockage occurs (edema, redness, warmth)
 Cancer metastasizes
S/s: Peau d’ orange (orange peel ) - DIMPLING of the breast ; might see discoloration along with the palpable lesion.

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7
Q

Causes

A

No one single defined cause

  1. First-degree relative
  2. 2 first-degree relatives
  3. HRT (hormone replacement therapy due to increase of estrogen in the body)
  4. Alcohol usage
  5. Obesity
  6. Men on anti-androgen agents
  7. Those with dense breasts
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8
Q

More causes

A
  1. Radiation exposure
  2. Childless women
  3. Early menses
  4. Oral contraceptives
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9
Q

Detection & Diagnosis

A
  1. Mammography
    - Begin at age 40 unless high risk
    - Existing barriers
  2. Breast Self-examination (BSE)
    - Assess client’s knowledge
    - Provide education on correct technique and timing
    - Perform one week AFTER menstrual period
  3. Clinical Breast examination - performed by clinician
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10
Q

Surgical Treatment

A 
1. Prophylactic Mastectomy
Preventative breast removal
Given to high risk women 
2. Modified radical mastectomy
Removes breast tissue, nipple & axillary lymph nodes
3. Lumpectomy with Lymph node dissection ( only portion to see if metastasis has occured)
Tumor and lymph nodes removed
Examined for presence of cancer cells
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11
Q

Post-op/Home care

A
  1. Presence of Jackson Pratt drain
    May remain up to 3 weeks
    Client measures drainage twice a day and records output
    Removed once output <25ml in 24 hrs
  2. Pain management
    Keep affected arm elevated and free from needle sticks/BP/invasive measures (to prevent lymphedema)
    Observe for excessive bleeding/drainage
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12
Q

Exercises

A 
Most begin immediately following surgery
Squeezing soft, round object with affected hand
Flexion/extension of elbow
Hand wall climbing
Pulley exercise
Rope turning
(see IGGY p. 1675 73-2)
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13
Q

Adjuvant Therapy Radiation

A

Kill breast cancer cells remaining post-op
Given over 5-6 weeks
Entire breast or affected area
Brachytherapy - pt is radioactive when catheters inserted ; visitors only 30 min

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14
Q

Adjuvant Therapy Chemotherapy

A

Kill breast cancer cells traveling to other areas
Started after Stage II
Given before or after surgery
May be used in combination with other chemotherapy agents

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15
Q

Adjuvant Therapy cont…

A 
Blocks action of estrogen or inhibits production 
Tamoxifen most common (SERM)
Decreases recurrence up to 50%
SE: hot flashes, weight gain
Aromatase inhibitors
Estrogen receptor down-regulators
LH-RH agonists
(See IGGY p. 1677 73-5)
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16
Q

Nursing Care: Diagnoses

Study These Flashcards
A 
Anxiety
Ineffective coping
Disturbed body image
Acute pain
Sexual dysfunction
17
Q

Interventions

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A

Education, support, complementary & alternative medicine (yoga, meditation, etc)

18
Q

Community Resources

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. American Cancer Society
    www.cancer.org
  2. BreastCancer.org
    www.breastcancer.org
  3. Susan G. Komen Foundation
    www.komenohio.org
    And many many more!
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