Breathing

Question 1

Define breathing

Answer 1

Inflow and outflow of air in lungs

Question 2

What is the process of breathing?

Answer 2

During which a enters all leaves the body

Question 3

When does inhalation occur?

Answer 3

Air enters the body

Question 4

When does exhalation occur?

Answer 4

Air leaves the body

Question 5

What does air contain?

Answer 5

Mixture of gases which is oxygen and carbon dioxide

Question 6

What are the breathing muscles?

Answer 6

Diaphragm and intercostal muscles

Question 7

Define diaphragm

Answer 7

Muscular plate that divides the thorax (chest) from the abdomen

Question 8

Define intercostal muscles

Answer 8

Muscles between the ribs used to lift the rib cage

Question 9

Define thoracic cavity

Answer 9

Space in the chest containing the lungs and heart

Question 10

What is the role of the breathing muscles?

Answer 10

• Contractions of muscles increases the volume of the thoracic cavity - reducing pressure in lungs - allows air into the body
• Relaxation of those muscles decreases the volume of the thoracic cavity
• Increasing pressure on lungs pushes it out of the body

Question 11

What does the process of inhalation and exhalation take place on the principal of?

Answer 11

Takes place on the principle that airflows in and out of the lungs because of differences in air pressure and lungs and air

Question 12

What type of process is inhalation?

Answer 12

An active process caused by muscle contraction

Question 13

List the process of inhalation

Answer 13

1. Muscles of the diaphragm contracts. The diaphragm moves downwards and flattens
2. Top to bottom length increases
3. Intercostal muscles contract lifting the rib cage upwards
4. Increases back to front (volume) of thoracic cavity
5. Air pressure in the thoracic cavity decreases as it is lower than the atmospheric air pressure
6. Air pressure on lungs decrease
7. It is drawn into the body from the nasal openings
8. Where (oxygen) flows down air passages into the lungs

Question 14

What type of process is exclamation?

Answer 14

Passive process which occurs without muscle contraction

Question 15

List the process of exhalation

Answer 15

1. Muscles of the diaphragm relaxes. The diaphragm moves upward to original position
2. Intercostal muscles relax which the rib cage moves down to original position
3. Top to bottom length (volume) of thoracic caity decreases
4. Decreases back to front (volume) of thoracic cavity
5. Air pressure in the thoracic cavity increases as it is higher than the atmospheric air pressure
6. Air pressure on lungs increase
7. Air (carbon dioxide) pushed out of lungs or thoracic cavity through the nasal passages

Question 16

What is the flow chart to show the path of inhaled air?

Answer 16

Nostrils

Nasal passages

Trachea

Bronchi

Bronchioles

Alveoli

Question 17

Define gaseous exchange

Answer 17

transfer of oxygen and carbon dioxide between an organism and its environments exchange

Question 18

When does gaseous exchange occur?

Answer 18

Occurs when gases diffuse from an area of high concentration to low concentration

Question 19

Where does gaseous exhange occur?

Answer 19

Lungs and body cells

Question 20

How does gassiest exchange occur in the lungs?

Answer 20

Gases move between the alveoli and the and the surrounding capillaries

Question 21

How does gassiest exchange occur in body cells?

Answer 21

Gases diffuse from capillaries and into the cells and out of the cells into the capillaries

Question 22

What type of process is diffusion?

Answer 22

A passive process

Question 23

For oxygen to diffuse into the capillaries in the alveoli what must take place?

Answer 23

There must be a difference in concentration of oxygen in the blood and air in the lungs

Question 24

What does molecules of oxygen move down?

Answer 24

A diffusion gradient

Question 25

Define diffusion gradient

Answer 25

Differences in the concentrations of substances between a region with high concentration and a region with a lower concentration of a substance

Question 26

How is diffusion gradient maintained continuously?

Answer 26

There's always a flow of deoxygenated blood entering the lungs from the heart and a fresh supply of oxygen from inhalation

Question 27

What is each alveolus surrounded by?

Answer 27

Capillary vessels

Question 28

What are the arteries do with deoxygenated blood?

Answer 28

Brings deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs

Question 29

What concentration does air in the alveous have?

Answer 29

A low concentration of carbon dioxide

Question 30

What happens with this low concentration of carbon dioxide in the alevolus?

Answer 30

Conso Corbin dioxide defuses along the diffusion gradient. Across the thin walls of the capillaries and out of the bloodstream into the alveolus

Question 31

After the diffusion what concentration does the alveoli have?

Answer 31

Has a high concentration of oxygen as the blood has a low concentration of oxygen

Question 32

What happens to the high concentration of oxygen in the alveoli?

Answer 32

Diffuses along the diffusion gradient across the thin walls was out of air into the alveolus into the blood

Question 33

When does carbon dioxide flow out of the lungs?

Answer 33

During exhalation

Question 34

How does oxygenated blood leaves the heart?

Answer 34

Through aorta

Question 35

How does gaseous exchange take place in the body cells?

Answer 35

They aorta split into arteries. Arteries subdivided to form capillaries. Capillaries are close in contact with the cells

Question 36

How does oxygen reach the cell membranes in the body's cells?

Answer 36

Oxygen defuses down the diffusion gradient across the capillary walls. Into the cell membrane in body cells

Question 37

Once oxygen has diffused into the body is self what type of blood is there?

Answer 37

Deoxygenated blood

Question 38

Call me now oxide is released as a byproduct for respiration. What happens to the cells?

Answer 38

Corbin dioxide defuses from the cells into the capillaries for excretion. Now body cells of a higher concentration of CO2 than the blood due to respiration

Question 39

How does carbon dioxide get into the blood?

Answer 39

Corbin dioxide defuses down the diffusion gradient across the capillary wall and the cell membranes into the blood

Question 40

What do capillaries combined form?

Answer 40

Veins

Question 41

Where is blood transported after oxygen and carbon dioxide a fuse?

Answer 41

Back to the right side of the heart

Question 42

What type of pressure is blood in the veins and the arteries?

Answer 42

Blood in the veins are under a lower pressure than blood in the arteries. As the arteries pump further away

Question 43

What type of layers do veins and arteries have?

Answer 43

What is your veins have Stena, muscle layers than arteries