1
Q
Where did the UK’s major cities grow?
A
Grew in areas where there were raw materials like coal and iron ore e.g Manchester or a part e.g Loverpool
- london developed because of its position as the capital city
2
Q
What is a Chlorpleth?
A
- uses colour to show the density of something e.g population map
3
Q
Why did the population increase in London and South east?
A
Jobs and centre of finance, culture
4
Q
What are physical factors?
A
- relief- steep or flat
- climate - temperature, rainfall
- soils
5
Q
What are human factors?
A
- communications- transport
- economic - jobs, industry
- trading opputunites
6
Q
Where is Bristol? What is it like?
A
Largest city in the south west of england.
It has a population of 440,500
7
Q
What does Bristols wide vairety of network communications include?
A
- M4 corrodor which links to Wales
- the M5 links Bristol to the Midlands and west of the south west
- has an airport which links to many european centres
8
Q
What is the tourism aspect like in Bristol?
A
- 8th most popular city for foreign visitors as it includes bristol zoo and Brunel’s ship SS Great Britain
- Several social and cultural roles including many theatres and music venues, two cathedrals
9
Q
What factors have increased Bristol’s importance internationally?
A
- good rail and road links give easy access to London
- Bristol airport links the city to major European cities and USA
- has high level of inward investment
- has developed global industries
10
Q
How does a hard-working and motivated workforce effect Bristol? Migration advantage or disadvantage?
A
Migration advantages
- if workers have a positive attitude they will produce a good standard of products which will be sold locally and nationally which leaves Bristol with a high income and good reputation
11
Q
How does a enriched cultural life of the city effect Bristol? Migration advantage or disadvantage?
A
Migration advantage
- if there is a wide range of activities to do it will attract tourists which earns more income for Bristol as a whole
12
Q
How does young migrants balancing out the ageing population effect Bristol? Migration advantage or disadvantage?
A
Migration advantage
- young migrants can help to contribute to Bristols community by getting jobs, it also means there won’t be a sudden decrease in population as there is a balance. And the young in the future may have kids
13
Q
How does the need to provide education for children whose first language isn’t English effect Bristol? Migration advantage or disadvantage?
A
Migration disadvantage
- it could require more teachers to do the job which will cost the government money; it could also put children who aren’t migrants, education at a disadvantage as they may not get the attention or help they need
14
Q
How does the pressure of housing effect Bristol? Migration advantage or disadvantage?
A
Migrant disadvantage
- many of the migrants won’t have the money to buy or even rent a home which puts pressure of the government as they will have to provide a place of accommodation for them
15
Q
How does the pressure of employment effect Bristol? Migration advantage or disadvantage?
A
Migrant disadvantage
- migrants will need a job to pay for the basic necessities of life which the government may not provide; it becomes a problem when there aren’t enough jobs or when the skill set the migrants have may not be right for the job
16
Q
How has urban change in Bristol created culture opportunities?
A
- Variety of nightclubs, bars, concerts, theatre, opera, dance events
- A former tobacco factory now a venue
17
Q
How has urban change in Bristol created sport opportunities?
A
- Two professional football teams and rugby team union
- Head quarters of Gloucestershire county cricket
- Stadiums now being upgraded to also host conferences and provide leisure opportunities
18
Q
How has urban change in Bristol created shopping opportunities?
A
- Cabot circus opened in 2008, costed £500m to develop
- Includes shops, leisure facilities, cafes, cinema, hotel and 250 apartments
19
Q
Why did the shopping facilities needed to be improved in Bristol?
A
- Compete with other cities
- Create jobs
- Reduce crime
- Improve the environment
20
Q
What other facilities have been created to encourage people to come back to shop in the CBD?
A
Floral displays, new street furniture, installing CCTV for safety, development of open street markets
21
Q
What do you know about the harbour side?
A
- Has been redeveloped and renovated and builds on the historical past to provide a destination suitable for all ages including shop, restaurants and museums
- Festivals also held here
22
Q
What are the environmental challenges in Bristol?
A
- many industrial buildings that are not in use have become derelict
- demand for new homes has led to urban sprawl
23
Q
Where are the areas of dereliction in Bristol?
A
- Mainly in the inner city
- wherever there is a concentration of redundant buildings
24
Q
What is stokes croft? What is it known for?
A
- Area has become notorious for its derelict housing and abandoned properties including perry’s carriage works
- The area has suffered from riots and antisocial behaviour
25
What is being done to improve stoke croft?
Bristol city centre have obtained lottery grants to help improve the poor economic activity and environmental decay in the area , its now well known for its independent shops, nightclubs amd numerous pieces of graffiti
26
How has urban growth led to urban sprawl?
- Bristols growing population and the demolition of older areas of slum dwellings has led to an increased demand for new housing
- Bristol was heavily bombed in WW2 leading to loss of over 3200 houses
- Many new homes were owned by council
27
What was at Finzels Reach? What's there now?
- a 2 hectare brownfield site near the CBD with a redundant sugar refinery and old brewery buildings
- the facades of the old buildings have been retained
- it is now a high density development with office spaces, shops and apartments
28
What is being done to reduce urban sprawl in Bristol?
- Bristol has done well to develop brownfield sites
- by 2026, over 30,000 new homes are planned on brownfield sites
- Bristol has successfully developed many smaller scale brownfield sites such as Temple Meads, Harbourside and Finzels reach
29
What is Bristol's atmospheric pollution like?
- vehicle emissions are the main cause of air pollution in the city
- an estimated 200 people die a year due to air pollution
- main bus routes are often the most polluted
30
How is Bristol trying to improve pollution problems?
- reducing speed limits on motorways and in residential areas
- a smartphone app with information about public transport
- an electric vehicle programme with charging points in 40 public car parks
31
What is Bristol's eco friendly poo bus?
- powered by human and food waste and will transport people between bath and Bristol airport
- the bus will run on bio methane gas produced at sewage works
- the vehicle can travel up to 300km in one tank of gas
32
What are Bristol's waste problems?
- amount of waste produced per head in 23% lower than the U.K. average
- it is among the worst cities for amount of food waste it produces
33
How is Bristol reducing the environmental impact of waste disposal?
- reducing the amount of waste sent to landfill sites
- reducing amount of waste generated per household by 15%
- increasing amount of waste recycling by 50%
34
Why has there been a major increase in recycling rate?
- teachers are doing more to teach pupils in schools about the importance of recycling
- more technological improvements in recycling
35
What is inequality in Bristol?
Lack of investment in the city has led to social inequalities between different areas, in some areas there are high levels of social deprivation
36
What is Filwood like?
In 2010 a survey revealed more than a third of people living in Filwood and over half the children were in very low income household
- over 1300 crimes per year
- poor access to shops selling fruit and vegetables
- 36% of students got top grades at GCSE
- third of people aged 16-24 are unemployed, over half are long term unemployed or have never worked
37
What is Stoke Bishop like?
Very affluent suburb, an area that is home to many millionaires who live in large Victorian and Edwardian houses
- fewer than 4% children living in poverty
- less than 300 crimes per year
- only 3% of people are unemployed
- 94% of 16 year olds got highest grades in five or more GCSES
38
What are the advantages of greenfield sites?
- Cheaper to build on
39
What are the disadvantages of greenfield sites?
- Encourages urban sprawl
- Loss of habitats
- Encourages commuting and traffic congestion as people are travelling from city to countryside
40
What are the advantages of brownfield sites?
- Old buildings are given new life
- Site already been built on - reduces urban sprawl
- Uses unsightly areas which improve environment
- Sites commonly in urban areas reduces demand for use of cars
41
Why regeneration run down urban areas?
- existing buildings can be put to a range of uses in any one site
- the land is often disused or in state of dereliction
- site has already been developed and so reduces urban sprawl
42
Why did the temple quarter need regenerating?
- It was very run down
- Gave a bad impression to visitors, as it was the first part of the city seen by anyone driving from wells to the south of Bath
43
What was the Temple quarter like before regeneration?
- Developed as an industrial area
- in 1841, Brunel built the first railway station, more railway siding were added
- In the 20th century, the remaining terraced housing was removed in the process of slum clearance
44
What took place in the regeneration of the temple quarter?
- Area includes remains of ironworks and Brunels original train tracks
- Former gasworks is now a car show room
- Former industrial yards are now car parks
A wood company now operates a former warehouse
45
What are the areas within temple quarter?
1) . Avon riverside - old industrial building used for light industries, green open spaces created by demolishing diesel depot
2) . Silverthorne lane - remains of ironworks and gasworks, difficult to access due to railway layout
3) . Temple quay - former Industrial area
4) . Temple meads city gateway - dominate by temple meads railway stations, cut off from remaining area due to temple gate dual carriageway
46
How has the enterprise zone status contributed to the success of the temple quarter regeneration?
- encourages economic growth and creates jobs
| - offer a range of incentives to businesses to move there I.e lower rents and easier planning procedures
47
How has improved access from in and around Bristol contributed to the success of the temple quarter regeneration?
- electrification shortens journey time to London
- improved road layout links with Bristol to bath cycle path
- improvements to temple meads station encourages people to travel by train
48
How has the new bridge across river Avon to former diesel port contributed to the success of the temple quarter regeneration?
- gives access to Bristol arena
49
How has the area been regenerated?
- create 4000 new jobs by 2020
- 240,000cm3 of either refurbished buildings, homes, shops and the redeveloped railway station
- engine shed = for High tech and creative businesses
- temple studios = new digital and technical enterprises
- glass wharf = new office development
- arena island = with bridge to new Bristol arena
50
What is the new Bristol arena like?
- Arena will allow for smaller theatre style capacity events
- Seating for 4000 people
- Also can be used for major conventions, exhibition, and sporting events
- Area around the area will become a place where people visit
- Host outdoor events e.g. Ice rink in winter or theatre production
51
What is sustainability?
A sustainable city is one that can meet its needs without making it more difficult for future generations to meet their needs
52
What are the inputs in sustainability?
Food - its if it's grown outside the city on farms or is imported
Water - taken from rivers or from below ground and stored in reservoirs
Energy - most energy comes from burning fuels that are drilled or mined
Other resources - building materials, like timber and concrete plus other resources
53
What are the outputs of sustainability?
- Waste - a lot of it ends up in landfill sites or is burnt
- Sewage - treated in sewage works before returned to a river
- Pollution - spread behind the city in air or water
54
What is east village?
- Was first athletes village in the longing Olympic Games and then converted into new homes after the games
- It's aim was to provide 2,800 homes for both newcomers and local residents
55
What is the transport like in east village?
- Bus services and trains connect to London Underground
| - Stratford international station provides a fast route to central London and Europe
56
What are the green spaces like in east village?
10 hectare of parkland, with 100's of trees and ponds to encourage wildlife and purify the air
57
What are the modern high density apartments like in east village?
- High standards of efficiency and insulation
| - Less heat loss than from low rise individual homes
58
What are the green rooves like in east village?
- In residential blocks encourage wildlife
| - Slows down rate at which water drains off
59
What are the public services like in east village?
School for 3-18 year olds
| Large health centre
60
What are the shops and services like in east village?
Run by independent businesses to help keep money in the local economy and avoid the need to shop elsewhere
61
What is the car parking like in east village?
- Residents pay extra for car parking
| - There are good cycling and walking routes to avoid people using cars
62
What is the affordable housing like in east village?
- Half the homes are rented at lower prices so that ordinary people in E.london can afford them
63
What green spaces have been created in east village?
- Wetland area with ponds were water is recycled
- Large Central Park and adventure play for kids
- Shared private green space within each block
- Orchard fruit trees
64
How efficient is water supply in east village?
- Use is 50% less than average be urban area
| - Rainwater is filtered and cleaned naturally in lines before being recycled for toilet flushing and irrigating plants
65
How efficient is the energy supply in east village?
- Use is 30% less than average urban area due to using a combined heat and power system it's more effective as it produces heat and electricity
66
How can cities become more sustainable - water?
Low flush toilet
Collect rain water
Use of grey water
Turn off water
67
How can cities become more sustainable - other resources?
Reuse and recycled building materials
| Recycle other things
68
How can cities become more sustainable - pollution?
Cut down on bringing fossil fuels
| Use other renewable sources e.g. Solar
69
How can cities become more sustainable - transport?
Reduce use of petrol and diesel vehicles
Improve public transport
Have electric cars
70
How can cities become more sustainable - waste?
Power public transport
Treat waste in sewage works
Encourage reduce reuse and recycle
71
How can cities become more sustainable - sewage?
Have beds
| Treated in sewage works
72
How can cities become more sustainable - energy?
Lower heating
Automatic doors
Energy efficient light sensors
Renewable sources
73
How can cities become more sustainable - food?
Grow food in back gardens
| Use any waste for compost
74
How does east village manage recycling of waste?
- Space is provided both indoors and outdoors to sore water and recycling and to encourage composting of organic waste
- By 2020*, home recycling and composting should be 60%
75
Why does Bristol need a Sustainable urban transport strategy?
- Reliance on cars is leading to congested roads, poor air quality and ill health as well as makes street more unfriendly to propel
76
how have high tech industries developed in Bristol? what factors attract high tech businesses to Bristol?
- theres a growing number of people employed by the high tech companies, and the factors are:
- close links between the city council and Uni
- an educated and skilled workforce
- a government grant of £100 million to become a super-connected city with broadband download speeds of at least 80Mbmps
77
what is being done to by Bristol to improve the environment?
- establish an air quality management plan to monitor air pollution
- reduce water pollution by improved monitoring and maintenance
- increase the use of brownfield sites for new businesses and housing
78
what is urban greening like in Bristol?
- more than a third of Bristol is open space and over 90% of people live within 350m of parkland
- some of their green initiatives include:
1. 27% of the city to be part of a wildlife network
2. 30% of the city to be covered with trees
79
what is the Bristol and bath green belt?
it was set up to prevent urbans sprawl on the rural-urban fringe and the merging of the cities of bath and Bristol
- only 5% of the green belt is controlled around Bristol is controlled by the city authorities
Geography
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