Bronchietasis

Question 1

Define

Answer 1

Abnormal permanent dilation of the bronchi. Can be generalised or localized. Present with foul breath and sputum, finger clubbing.

Question 2

Aetiology

Answer 2

Infection (adenovirus)
Obstruction (Tumor)
Impaired defense (cystic fibrosis)

Question 3

Pathogenesis

Answer 3

Damage to bronchial epithelium-> heavy sec bacterial colonisation-> inhibits ciliary clearance & promote inflam and infection.

Question 4

Morphology

Answer 4

Macro: dilated airways with purulent exudate, damaged fibromuscular and elastic framework. Fibrosis, inflam oedema. Hypertrophy of bronchial artery.

Micro: polypoid hyperplasia of mucosa, squamous metaplasia

Question 5

Complications

Answer 5

Lung abscess
Empyema
Cor pulmonale