Bronchodilators

Question 1

Classes

Answer 1

• Beta-Adrenergic Agonists
• Anticholinergics
• Xanthine Derivates (Methylxanthines)

Question 1

Bronchodilators MOA

Answer 1

• relax smooth muscle
• dilates bronchi + bronchioles

Question 2

what are Adrenergic Agonists?

Answer 2

drugs that stimulate + mimic actions of the SNS
(aka sympathomimetics)

Question 3

Beta1-adrenergic receptors

Answer 3

• primarily in the heart
• stimulted by specific autonomic nerve fibers

Question 4

Beta2-adrenergic receptors

Answer 4

• stimulated by anutonomic nerve fibers
• located in smooth muscle of bronchioles, arterioles, and visceral organs

Question 5

Beta-Adrenergic Agonists

SABA

Answer 5

Short Acting Beta2 Agonist
Albuterol (Proventil)

Question 6

Beta-Adrenergic Agonists

LABA

Answer 6

Long Acting Beta2 Agonist
Salmeterol (Serverent)

Question 7

Beta-Adrenergic Agonists MOA

Answer 7

• specific receptor stimulation
• dilated airways
• activation of beta2 receptors = cAMP to relax smooth muscle of airway

Question 8

Beta-Adrenergic Agonists Therepeutic effects

Answer 8

• bronchospasm relief
• treatment and prevention of acute attacks
• tx of hypotn and shock

Question 9

Beta-Adrenergic Agonists Contraindications

Answer 9

• uncontrolled hypertn
• dysrhythmias

Question 10

Beta-Adrenergic Agonists

Alpha and Beta AE

epinephrine

Answer 10

• insomnia
• restlessness
• anorexia
• vascular headache
• hyperglycemia
• tremor
• cardiac stimulation

Question 11

Alpha adrenergic agonists

Answer 11

sympathomimetic
Epinephrine
regulates BP

Question 12

Beta-Adrenergic Agonists

Beta1 and Beta2 AE

metaproterenol

Answer 12

• cardiac stimulation
• tremor
• angina
• vascular headache (migraine)
• hypotn

Question 13

Beta-Adrenergic Agonists

Beta2 AE

albuterol

Answer 13

• hypotn/hypertn
• vascular headache
• tremor

Question 14

Inhalation drug therapy

advantages

Answer 14

• direct
• few systemic SE
• rapid relief of acute attacks

Question 15

Inhalation drug therapy

types

Answer 15

• metered-dose inhalers (MDI)
• dry powder inhalers
• nebulizers
• use of spacers

Question 16

Inhalation drug therapy

disadvantages

Answer 16

• high impact on oropharynx
• optimal use low %*

*idk

Question 17

Inhalation drug therapy

Considerations

Answer 17

• patients ability to use MDI/dry powder inhaler
• 1-2 minute between each puff
• 2-5 minute before each med
• steroid last
• nebulizers may take longer but may be more effective

Question 18

Inhalation drug therapy

education

Answer 18

• encourage fluids
• peak flow meters

Question 19

Albuterol AE

and why?

Answer 19

• Nausea
• Anxiety
• Palpitations
• tremors
• tachycardia

receptor specificity is lost

Question 20

Salmeterol uses

Answer 20

• maintenance treatment
• combined with corticosteroid (fluticasone) = Advair
• 2x/day
• inhaled powder

Question 21

Anticholinergic bronchodilator examples

Answer 21

• Ipratropium (Atrovent)
• Tiotropium (Spiriva)

Question 22

Anticholinergic bronchodilator MOA

Answer 22

• block acetylcholine receptors on bronchial tree
• slow, prolonged action

Question 23

Anticholinergic bronchodilator contraindications

Answer 23

• allergies
• caution with glaucoma
• caution with prosate enlargement

Question 24

Anticholinergic bronchodilator SE

Answer 24

- dry mouth - nasal congestion - palpitations - GI distress - retention - increased intraocular pressure - headache - coughing - anxiety

Question 25

Bronchodilator: Xanthine derivative examples

Answer 25

- caffeine - thebromine - theophylline | natural xanthines

Question 26

Bronchodilator: Xanthine derivative MOA

Answer 26

- metabolized into caffeine - stimulates CNS to enhance respir drive - can stimulate cardiovasc response in large doses - dilates kidney blood vessels = diuretic effect