Burns

Question 1

Name causes of burns

Answer 1

Scalds
Fire
Contact
Chemical
Electrical
Lightning

Question 2

Explain the physiology of burns

Answer 2

Direct microvascular coagulation with extension of injury
Secondary infection and activation of vasoactive substance -> systemic inflammatory response -> capillary permeability with leakage of fluids and interstitial oedema -> decr CO and BMR
Resus -> incr CO and BMR

Question 3

Name types of burns

Answer 3

Superficial (erythematous)
Superficial partial (painful)
Deep partial (painless) 
Full thickness (tendons, subcutaneous, bones)

Question 4

How is TBSA estimated?

Answer 4

Rule of 9s
Minor <15% adults (10% children)
Moderate 15-25% adults (10-15% children)
Severe >25% adults (>15% children)

Question 5

Name criteria for burns

Answer 5

Severe
Facial
Hands
Genitalia
Electrical
Chemical
Inhalation

Question 6

Discuss the immediate management of burns

Answer 6

ABCs of resus 
Fluids:
Isotonic ringer's lactate
Parkland formula 4 x %TBSA x kg 
50% in 8hrs 
50% last 16hrs
Supportive
- nutritional
- psychological
- PT
- OT

Question 7

Discuss the definitive management of burns

Answer 7

Sloughectomy
Temporary wound coverage
Skin graft once granulated

Question 8

Name complications of burns

Answer 8

Shock
Pneumonitis
Renal failure
Infections
Curling ulcers
Scarring
Depression
Marjolin ulcers