In the Emergent or ____ phase:
- Rapid _____
- Increased ______ permeability
- Rapid _____ formation
- ______ Shock
- How does this phase end and how long?
- Shock phase
- Rapid inflammation
- Increased capillary permeability (leaky)
- Rapid Edema
- HYPOVOLEMIC shock
- Ends with fluid reabsorption - 4 hours to 4 days later
What vital signs increase and what vital signs decrease in the emergent phase?
- Heart rate increases (compensation for fluid loss)
* Blood pressure/cardiac ouput decrease (Not enough fluid)
In the emergent phase, what two labs will show fluid loss?
- Increase hematocrit (between 35 and 50 is normal)
* Increased BUN/Creat (Bun less than 20 ) (Creat - (0.7-1.2)
In the emergent phase what happens to the Urine output and why?
- Decreases
* Decreased perfusion to the kidneys from fluid loss
What are the two main electrolyte shifts that occur in the emergent phase of a burn and why?
- Hyperkalemia - leaks outside of damaged cell
* Hyponatremia - Leaks out of vessels with fluid
Formula Used to calculate the total volume of fluids (mL) that a patient needs 24 hours
after experiencing a burn? What types of burns does this apply to?
- Parkland formula
* 2nd and 3rd degree burns
What is the parkland formula?
4ml x TBSA (total body surface area %)x weight in kg = total volume of fluid to be given
How much of the fluid needs to be given in the first ____ hours? How much fluid needs to be given in the next ____ hours?
- Half of the total fluid needs to be given in first 8 hours. (Divide total by 2)
- Half of the fluid needs to be given in the next 16 hours. (Divide total by 2)
A burn that effects only the top layer of skin or the _____. It will be Very ___ or ___ in color, and feel ____ and ____ to touch. No ____ or ____ left behind. This is known as what kind of burn?
- Epidermis
- Pink or Red in color
- Painful and Warm to touch
- No blisters or scars
- 1st degree SUPERFICIAL BURN
A burn that effects the epidermis and ____, which can vary in _____. Will feel _____. It will appear ____/____ in color and look ____/_____. ____ and ____ will be left behind. This is known as what kind of burn?
- Dermis and Epidermis
- Varies in severity
- Very painful
- Pink/Red
- Shiny/Moist
- Blisters and Scarring present
- 2nd Degree PARTIAL THICKNESS BURN
A burn that destroys ____ and ____ along with what 3 things? This extends into the ____ (sub q tissues). Little to no _____ due to ____ being destroyed. What will be needed because skin cant heal? This is known as what kind of burn?
- Destroys Dermis and Epidermis
- Destroys hair follicles, sweat glands, nerves
- Extends into hypodermis
- Little to no pain felt due to nerves being destroyed
- Skin graft needed
- 3rd Degree - Full-Thickness burn
