Buzz words GI

Question 1

Gingival Hypertrophy -> Gingivectomy/Biting on own gums →

Answer 1

Side effect of
Calcium Channel Blockers or phenytoin

Question 2

Bird beak appearance (and distended oesophagus) →

Answer 2

Achalasia; if in lower GI
imaging is a sign of bowel obstruction

Question 3

Grey Turner’s (lumbar redness) and Cullen’s sign (umbilical redness) positive →

Answer 3

acute Pancreatitis

Question 4

Mnemonic for causes of acute pancreatitis →

Answer 4

I GET SMASHED: Idiopathic,
Gallstones, Ethanol, Trauma, Steroids, Mumps, Autoimmune, Scorpion bites/stings,
Hyperlipidaemia/hypothermia/hypercalcaemia, ERCP, Drugs

Question 5

Murphy’s sign positive →

Answer 5

Cholecystitis

Question 6

Pale stools, jaundice, abdo pain →

Answer 6

biliary obstruction

Question 7

Abdo distension, caput medusae, shifting dullness →

Answer 7

portal hypertension + ascites

Question 8

Pyoderma gangrenosum, erythema nodosum →

Answer 8

Crohn’s/UC

Question 9

“Tinkling bowel sounds” →

Answer 9

bowel obstruction

Question 10

Sheep farming 

Answer 10

hydatid disease

Question 11

Vesicular rash + weight loss →

Answer 11

Coeliac Disease

Question 12

. Rose spots, spots that blanch on pressure 

Answer 12

Typhoid

Question 13

Virchow’s node (left supra-clavicular) →

Answer 13

gastric cancer

Question 14

. Urea breath test →

Answer 14

H pylori

Question 15

Cryptosporidium- 

Answer 15

HIV/drug users/ TB pmhx

Question 16

C breath test →

Answer 16

bacterial overgrowth

Question 17

“Rice-water”-like stools →

Answer 17

vibrio cholera

Question 18

Primary Biliary Cirrhosis →

Answer 18

Presence of AMA (Anti mitochondrial antibodies)

Question 19

Autoimmune hepatitis →

Answer 19

Presence of ASMA (anti smooth muscle antibodies)

Question 20

Alpha Feto Protein assay →

Answer 20

hepatocellular carcinoma (or teratoma)

Question 21

‘Cobblestone mucosa’; indicating deep fissuring ulceration of mucosa →

Answer 21

found in
Crohn’s Disease

Question 22

Diuretic for ascites (due to cirrhosis) →

Answer 22

spironolactone

Question 23

Corkscrew oesophagus on barium swallow →

Answer 23

diffuse oesophageal spasm

Question 24

Severe abdo pain + D&V after raw milk →

Answer 24

Campylobacter

Question 25

Scalloping on endoscopy =

Answer 25

HIV

Question 26

Russell’s sign →

Answer 26

self induced vomiting

Question 27

South east asia, thickening in small bowel folds, flocculation in barium enema =

Answer 27

Tropical Sprue

Question 28

Mallory’s hyaline bodies →

Answer 28

alcoholic liver disease (acute hepatitis) and chronic active hepatitis

Question 29

Crypt abscess / cryptitis →

Answer 29

Inflammatory Bowel CROHN’S

Question 30

Onion skinning fibrosis, beading of bile ducts →

Answer 30

Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis

Question 31

“Signet RIng” cells seen on biopsy →

Answer 31

Linitis plastica - diffuse stomach cancer

Question 32

. Thumb-printing on X-ray commonly at splenic flexure →

Answer 32

Ischaemic colitis

Question 33

. Charcot’s triad →

Answer 33

acute cholangitis i.e. fever, jaundice and abdominal pain secondary to cholelithiasis.

Question 34

Causes for abdominal mass: A CHEMICAL:

Answer 34

AAA, crohn’s, hernia, enlarged organ, malignancy, intersusception, cyst or abcess, appendicitis, lymphadenopathy

Question 35

Causes for bowel obstruction: BATH VIPS:

Answer 35

bolus, adhesions, tumour, hernia, volvulus, intersussception, pseudo-obstruction, stricture

Question 36

Virchow’s node –

Answer 36

lymph node in left supra-clavicular fossa suggestive of gastric malignancy

Question 37

Diarrhoea -

Answer 37

sources of infection e.g undercooked poultry, ill grandchild

Question 38

Side effect of spironlactone-

Answer 38

gynaecomastia

Question 39

what type of mouth disease do people with Crohn’s have?

Answer 39

(stomatitis gangrenosum)

Question 40

- replacement of oesophagus stratified squamous epithelium by simple columnar epithelium with goblet cells –

Answer 40

barretts oesophagus/ precancer

Question 41

. dukes classification –

Answer 41

A – confined to bowel wall, B – local spread outwith bowel wall, C – lymph node metastases

Question 42

thumb printing at splenic flexure –

Answer 42

ischaemic colitis