1
Q
Definition of terrain flight
A
- Selecting the appropriate tactical application of low-level, contour, and NOE flight techniques as appropriate, diminishing the enemy’s capability to acquire, track, and engage aircraft.
2
Q
Modes of terrain flight
A
- NOE: varying airspeed as close to the earth’s surface as vegetation and obstacles permit; < 25 ft AHO.
- CONTOUR: low altitudes conforming to the earth’s contours; relatively constant airspeeds and varying altitude; 25 - 80 ft AHO.
- LOW-LEVEL: constant altitude and airspeed, dictated by threat avoidance; 80 - 200 ft AHO.
3
Q
Wire hazards
A
- Communication wires
- Power lines
- Missile guidance wires
- Guy wires
- Fences
- Barriers
4
Q
Factors that influence Terrain Flight
A
METT-TC(S)
- M: Mission
- E: Enemy
- T: Terrain and Wx
- T: Troops
- T: Time
- C: Civil Considerations
- S: Safety
5
Q
Air route planning considerations
A
HELL
- H: Hazards to flight
- E: Ease of navigation
- L: Location of enemy
- L: Location of landing sites/zones
6
Q
Hazards to terrain flight
A
WHOP
- W: Weather - visibility, winds, light
- H: Human - fatigue, sight, self-imposed stressors
- O: Other - direct and indirect fires
- P: Physical - natural and manmade, anything that can strike the aircraft
7
Q
Minimize danger of wire strikes
A
R3LAC
- Review the AO before flight
- Reference and update operations map
- Reduce airpseeds/increase altitude to increase reaction time
- Look for visual cues
- Always expect wires along roads and waterways
- Cross at poles when possible
8
Q
Loading table considerations
A
TTS
- Tactical integrity of units: keep complete tactical units on same aircraft
- Tactical cross-loading: key personnel and critical equipment NOT on the same aircraft
- Self-sufficiency of loads: each unit load has everything required to be operational
9
Q
Detection avoidance while moving about the battlefield
A
KFFFCCAAO
- K: Keep low and vary airspeeds/altitude/ and course
- F: Fly below and near vegetation when parallel
- F: Fly as close to the ground as vegetation/features will permit
- F: Follow lowest contours of vegetation, not the earth
- C: Cross unavoidable ridegline at lowest point and move quickly
- C: Cross open/flat areas at narrowest point and move quickly
- A: Always maintain maneuver room
- A: Always have an evasive maneuver planned
- O: Only communicate when necessary
10
Q
Perform actions on contact
A
SDRDMC - DCHBH
- S: Suppressive fire
- D: Deploy to cover
- R: Report the situation
- D: Develop the situation
- M: Maintain contact
- C: Course of action
- D: Damage to aircraft
- C: Commander’s intent
- H: Hasty attack
- B: Bypass
- H: Hasty defense
11
Q
PZ/LZ considerations
A
- Technical
- Tactical
- Meteorological
12
Q
PZ/LZ TECHNICAL considerations
A
LONGLASSVW - ATIC
- L: Location - close to troops, mask from observation, limit access
- O: Obstacles - 10 to 1 ratio for arrival and departure ends
- N: Number - multiple PZs vs just one
- G: Ground slope
- L: Loads
- A: Approach/departure routes - long axis
- S: Size of PZ - accomodate all A/C at one time
- S: Surface condition
- V: Vulnerability
- W: Winds
- A: Alternates
- T: Threat
- I: Identification
- C: Capacity
13
Q
PZ/LZ TACTICAL considerations
A
MSL
- M: Mission
- S: Security
- L: Location
14
Q
PZ/LZ METEOROLOGICAL considerations
A
- Winds
- Visibility
- Ceiling
- Density altitude
15
Q
Methods of deploying to cover
A
TLFHA2R
- Tanks/small arms: turn to concealment; descend and mask
- Large caliber: descend to NOE immediately
- Fighters: mask and maneuver
- Heat-seeking missles: ASE and maneuver; attempt to mask
- Anti-tank guided missles: rapidly reposition
- Artillery: depart impact area and determine CBRNE
- Radar-guided missles: maneuver and chaff
16
Q
Minimum information for route reconnaissance
A
WDLOTT
- W: Weather
- D: Designation of the route
- L: Limits of the route
- O: Objectives
- T: Time of day to be used
- T: Type/number of units/vehicles
17
Q
Purpose of route reconnaissance
A
- To obtain detailed information about a specific route and all adjacent terrain where the enemy could influence movement along the route.
18
Q
Tactical flight mission planning
A
AMPSDFWRC
- A: Analyze the mission
- M: Map and photo recon
- P: Primary and alternate routes
- S: Select modes of flight
- D: Distance
- F: Fuel required
- W: Weather brief
- R: Risk assessment
- C: Crew briefing
19
Q
Fundamentals of reconnaissance
A
GORRDEE
- G: Gain and maintain enemy contact
- O: Orient on the recon objective
- R: Report timely and accurately
- R: Retain freedom to maneuver
- D: Develop the situation rapidly
- E: Ensure max recon forces forward
- E: Ensure continuous recon
20
Q
Techniques of movement
A
TTB
- Traveling
- Traveling Overwatch
- Bounding Overwatch
21
Q
Holding area reconnaissance
A
COKAS
- C: Cover and concealment
- O: Obstacles
- K: Key terrain
- A: Avenuse of approach/departure
- S: Security
22
Q
Landing and Takeoff considerations
A
TSLOW
- T: Tactical
- S: Situation
- L: Long axis
- O: Obstacles
- W: Wind
23
Q
Wind recognition
A
FAG
- F: Forecast vs actual
- A: Aircraft cues
- G: Ground cues
24
Q
Aviation SPOT report
A
SALTW
- S: Size
- A: Activity
- L: Location
- T: Time
- W: What is being done about it
25
Factors that affect visual search
**WAATCH**
* **W**: Weather
* **A**: Altitude
* **A**: Airspeed
* **T**: Terrain
* **C**: Cues
* **H**: Human eye
26
Visual cues of reconnaissance
**MCLOSSTT**
* **M**: Movement
* **C**: Color
* **L**: Light
* **O**: Obvious sightings
* **S**: Shadows
* **S**: Smoke
* **T**: Texture
* **T**: Trails
27
Purpose and definition of arial observation
* **_Purpose_**: to detect objects or activities
* **_Definition_**: the systematic visual search of a given area so that all parts of the area are observed or scanned
28
Key tasks of arial observation
**DILR**
* **D**: Detect
* **I**: Identify
* **L**: Locate
* **R**: Report
29
Target handover to attack helicopters
**ATMEP**
* **A**: Alert and target description
* **T**: Target location
* **M**: Method of engagement/attack
* **E**: Execution
* **P**: Post-engagement/attack actions
30
Call for and adjust fire
**I** **W**on't **L**et **D**own **M**y **M**omma
* **I**: ID (observer)
* **W**: Warning order
* **L**: Location of target
* **D**: Description of target
* **M**: Method of engagement
* **M**: Method of fire and control
31
Risk assessment
**IADIS**
* **I**: Identify
* **A**: Assess
* **D**: Develop controls
* **I**: Implement controls
* **S**: Supervise and refine
32
Message to observer
**FART3**
* **F**: FFE battery
* **A**: Adjusting battery
* **R**: Rounds per tube
* **T**: Type shell/fuse combination
* **T**: Target reference number
* **T**: Time of flight
Aviation
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