Define molecular diagnostic
Analyse key DNA, RNA or protein biomarker to identify diseases, determine its course, evaluate response and etc.
Biomarker provide what information about a diseases
- Genotypic
- Phenotypic
Biomarker become improved tool for
- Drug discovery
- Preclinical drug development
- Patient monitoring during clinical trials
Why molecular diagnostic is used
- Specificity
- Sensitivity
- Personalised medicine
Explain specificity
- Ability to diagnose test to correctly identify individual that did not have the disease
- Expressed as percentage, indicating the proportion of individuals w/o the disease result in negative
Explain sensitivity
- Ability of diagnostic test to correctly identify individual who have a particular disease
- Expressed as percentage indicate the proportion of individual with disease result positive
Pros & cons of molecular diagnostic
Pros
- Fast & accurate
- Reduce the chance of cross contamination
- Reduce the number of false negative test
Cons
- Expensive
- Require sophisticated equipment
- Lack validation
Goal of personalised medicine
To provide the right treatment to the right patients at the right time, result in better outcomes & reduce cost
Define personalised medicine
Approach to health care that uses information about individuals unique genetic, environmental & lifestyle factors to tailor medical treatments & diseases prevention strategies
Steps in personalised medicine
- Predictive: anticipate conditions that they most likely to develop
- Participatory: provide actionable info to take active role in treatment
- Preventive: help to take preventive action
Define precision medicine
Classified patient with disease into subgroup, considering their phenotypic findings such as biomarker or genomics
