c1

Question 1

structural analysis

Answer 1

is an integral part of
structural engineering projects.

Question 2

Structural engineering

Answer 2

is the science and art of planning, designing, and
constructing safe and economical structures that will
serve their intended purposes.

Question 3

Planning Phase

Answer 3

This phase usually involves the establishment of the functional requirements
of the proposed structure, the general layout and dimensions of the structure,
considerations of the possible types of structures that may be feasible and the types
of materials to be used. Non-structural factors such as aesthetics, environmental
impact are also considered in this phase. The outcome of this phase is usually a
structural system that meets the functional requirements.

Question 4

preliminary structural design

Answer 4

This phase considers the sizes of the member of structural system based on
approximation, code requirements and past experience. The estimation of the member
sizes is the basis for the weight of the structure.

Question 5

estimation of loads

Answer 5

This phase determines all the loads that are expected and anticipated to act on
the structure.

Question 6

Structural Analysis

Answer 6

This phase carries out the values of the loads. Analysis of the loads determine
the stresses, shear forces, moments, and deflections at various points of the structure.

uses the loads to find the stresses, shear force, moments and deflection

Question 7

Safety and Serviceability Checks

Answer 7

The result of the analysis are used to determine whether or not the structure
satisfies the safety and serviceability requirements of the design codes. If the design
code requirements are satisfied, then the drawings and the construction specifications
are prepares, and the constructions phase begins.

Question 8

revised Structural Design

Answer 8

If the code requirements are not satisfied, then member sizes are revised, and
phase 3 through 5 are repeated until all the safety and serviceability requirements are
satisfied.

Question 9

5 classification of structure

Answer 9

tension
compression
shear
truss
bending

Question 10

tension structure

Answer 10

structure that mainly resist pulling forces

Question 11

compression structure

Answer 11

structure that mainly resist pushing forces

Question 12

shear structure

Answer 12

structure that mainly resist sliding forces between parts

Question 13

bending structure

Answer 13

structure that mainly resist bending due to load

Question 14

truss structure

Answer 14

structures consist of straight lines arranged in triangles, carrying tension and compression

Question 15

5 types of support reactions

Answer 15

roller
hinged or pinned
fixed
cable or rope
smooth surface support

Question 16

roller support

Answer 16

allow movement along the suface
blocks perpendicular forces

Question 17

hinged

Answer 17

allows rotation
blocks movement

Question 18

fixed

Answer 18

blocks movement and rotation

Question 19

cable or ties

Answer 19

resist tension, allows movement when slack

Question 20

smooth surface support

Answer 20

allows sliding along the surface
blocks perpendicular movement

Question 21

types of loads

Answer 21

dead
wind load
earthquake load
live load
impact load
snow load
hydrostatic and soil pressure

Question 22

dead load

Answer 22

Dead load consist of the weights of the various structural members and the weights
of any objects that are permanently attached to the structure. Hence, for a building, the dead
loads include the weights of the columns, beams, and girders, the floor slab, roofing, walls,
windows, plumbing, electrical fixtures, and other miscellaneous attachments.

Question 23

live loads

Answer 23

can vary both in their magnitude and location. They may be caused by the
weights of objects temporarily placed on a structure, moving vehicles, or natural forces.

Question 24

wind loads

Answer 24

When the speed of the wind is very high, it can cause massive damage to a structure.
The reason is that the pressure created by the wind is proportional to the square of the wind
speed.wi

Question 25

earthquake loads

Answer 25

Earthquakes produce lateral loadings on a structure through the structures interaction with the ground. The magnitude of an earthquake load depends on the amount and type of ground accelerations and the mass and stiffness of the structure.

Question 26

impact loads

Answer 26

When live loads are applied rapidly to a structure, they cause larger stresses than those that would be produced if the same loads would have been applied gradually. The dynamic effect of the load that causes this increase in stress in the structure is referred to as impact.

Question 27

snow load

Answer 27

The design snow load for a structure is based on the ground snow load for its geographical location, which can be obtained from building codes or meteorological data for that region.

Question 28

Hydrostatic and Soil Pressures

Answer 28

Structures used to retain water, such as dams and tanks, as well as coastal structures partially or fully submerged in water must be designed to resist hydrostatic pressure.