C1: Atomic Structure

Question 1

for the element ^AZ X, what does each variable mean?

Answer 1

• A is the mass number
• Z is the atomic number
• X is the element

Question 2

for quantum numbers, what does n mean?
- what are the options?
- what is the trend?

Answer 2

• shell#
• 1,2,3 etc.
• use periodic table

Question 3

for quantum numbers, what does
l mean?
- what are the options?
- what is the trend?

Answer 3

• subshell #
• l = 0, s
  l = 1, p
  l = 2, d
  l = 3, f

Question 4

for quantum numbers, what does ms mean?
- what are the options?
- what is the trend?

Answer 4

• spin #
• +1/2, -1/2
• if the spin ends up, it is +1/2, if it ends down it is -1/2

Question 5

for quantum numbers, what does ml mean?
- what is the trend?

Answer 5

• orbital #
• depends on l, it is the - and + values of l. ex; if l = 1, ml can be -1, 0, 1. from here narrow it down based off the last electron spin

Question 6

what shape is an s orbital?
- p orbital?

Answer 6

• s is sphere
• p is dumbell

Question 7

how many electron boxes are there for s, p, d and f?

Answer 7

• s, 1
• p, 3
• d, 5
• f, 7

Question 8

what are the 5 special elements when it comes to configuration?
- what makes these configurations special?

Answer 8

• Cr, Mo, Cu, Ag, Au
• the first set after the bracket is 1 electron less than expected and the last set is 1 more than expected

Question 9

what is the purpose of drawing lewis structures?

Answer 9

they tell you the number of ve- per element

Question 10

VSEPR theory says that electrons occupy sites in a way that ____ their repulsions and therefore position themselves as ____ from each other as possible

Answer 10

minimizes, far

Question 11

what is the equation for nuclear binding energy?

Answer 11

Eb = [change in m] x 931.5 MeV/amu

Question 12

what is strong nuclear force?

Answer 12

the force that binds protons and neutrons together

Question 13

nonmetals form ____ and metals form ____

Answer 13

anions, cations

Question 14

how do you calculate the amount of material remaining?

Answer 14

N =No (1/2) T/ t1/2
where N= final mass
No= initial mass
T= total decay time elapsed
t1/2= half life

Question 15

what is Einsteins eq for mass energy equivalence?
- what are the units?

Answer 15

Eb= (change in m) c^2
m = mass
c = constant, speed of light 3x10^8 m/s
- J or MeV

Question 16

what is mass defect?

Answer 16

When nucleons bind together to form a nucleus, some mass is converted to energy, so the mass of the combined nucleus is less than the sum of the masses of all its nucleons individually. The difference, ∆m, is called the mass defect