C1-Behaviourist Approach- Classic study

Question 1

In the findings of the study, what was session 2?(2)

Answer 1

• Albert reached out carefully when presented with rat but pulled his hand away when rat tried to nuzzle his hand
• played happily with blocks

Question 2

What is the classic study in the behaviourist approach?(1)

Answer 2

-Watson and Rayner: Conditioned emotional reaction

Question 3

In the findings of the study, what was session 3?(2)

Answer 3

• Albert showed a strong fear response when presented with rat and rabbit
• cried and tried to crawl away but had less violent response to dog and fur coat

Question 4

In the evaluation of the study, what is generalisability?(2)

Answer 4

• only single child- unrepresentative
• his reactions would seem to be normal reactions of any baby in those experiences, not a unique personal response to unusual phenomenen

Question 5

In the evaluation of the study, what are the sections?(6)

Answer 5

• generalisability
• reliability
• alternative evidence
• application
• validity
• ethical consideraton

Question 6

In the evaluation of the study, what is alternative evidence?(2)

Answer 6

• seems reductionist as it only expains the acquisition of the phobia and not why it is maintained
• there is research to suggest that we are more likely to form a phobia of stimuli that are animate and have an evolutionary reason for evoking fear which doesnt fit with the CC claim. But Seligman suggests that we are more biologically prepared to fear items such as snakes and spiders because they pose a threat to our species

Question 7

In the evaluation of the study, what is validity?(1S,1W)

Answer 7

+internal validity- high- measured what it intended to
-ecological validity - low- albert away from playroom and familiar nurses so may have been nervous so hard to generalise to real life situations

Question 8

In the evaluation of the study, what is application?(2S,1W)

Answer 8

+treating phobias using knowledge of conditioning
+SD
-flooding- exposing someone to feared stimulus, letting them experience panic

Question 9

In the evaluation of the study, what is ethical considerations?(2S,1W)

Answer 9

+presumed consent
+right to withdraw- musr have had right to withdraw as Albert did get removed by his mother at the end
-protection from psychological harm- experienced greater distress than he would in everyday life, so they ultimately created fear in young child. They also made his experience worse by not letting him suck his thumb

Question 10

In the findings of the study, what was session 1?(2)

Answer 10

• joint stimulation involving rat and noise

- albert fell forward whimpering the 2nd time

Question 11

In the findings of the study, what was emotional tests?(2)

Answer 11

• no fear response to objects by conditioning

- mother reported never seem him in state of fear or rage and he rarely cried

Question 12

In the procedure of the study, what was session 5?(3)

Answer 12

• effect of time
• no emotional tests had been previously conducted
• final test included santa clause masks, fur coat, rat, rabbit, dog and blocks

Question 13

In the procedure of the study, what was session 4?(3)

Answer 13

• changing the environment
• his conditioned emotional response was freshened using joint stimulation
• taken to a new environment in a room with 4 people presented with the same objects again

Question 14

In the procedure of the study, what are the 6 sections within the procedure?(6)

Answer 14

• emotional tests
• session 1
• session 2
• session 3
• session 4
• session 5

Question 15

What is the methodology in the study?(3)

Answer 15

• controlled observation (well lit dark room)
• one male pp aged 9 months
• was referred to as ‘Albert B’ but also known as ‘Little Albert’

Question 16

In the procedure of the study, what was session 3?(3)

Answer 16

• generalisation
• presented with rat, wooden blocks, dog, rabbit, seal, fur coat, cotton wool and watsons hair
• questioned whether the learned link between rat and noise would be generalised to other objects

Question 17

In the procedure of the study, what was session 1?(3)

Answer 17

• establishing conditioned emotional response
• 11 months and 3 days old
• white rat was presented to him and he started to reach for it and a bar was struck behind his head twice

Question 18

In the procedure of the study, what was session 2?(4)

Answer 18

• testing the conditioned emotional response
• 11 months and 10 days old
• shown the rat with no sound to see if previous experience affected their behaviour with rat
• he was then exposed to joint stimulation 5x

Question 19

In the evaluation of the study, what is reliability?(3)

Answer 19

• standardised procedure- high levels of control can be repeated and replicated
• carefully documented- his age was documented at each session and what happened to him
• filmed and original footage is still around

Question 20

What was the conclusion of the study?(3)

Answer 20

• fear response can be conditioned in infants and this was evident after only two ‘joint stimulation’
• watson thought freud was wrong in claiming that the objects were symbols for deeper emotional needs or that we have an unconscious mind
• watson claimed that fears and emotions were conditioned through direct experience

Question 21

In the findings of the study, what was session 5?(1)

Answer 21

-Alberts reaction to furry objects was less extreme overtime but still present

Question 22

In the findings of the study, what was session 4?(1)

Answer 22

-Alberts response rat, rabbit, and dog were less extreme in new enviornment

Question 23

In the procedure of the study, what was emotional tests?(3)

Answer 23

• 9 months old
• introduced new objects such as rat and rabbit
• he was tested with a loud sound