Chemistry > C1-Periodic Table+Atomic Structure > Flashcards

C1-Periodic Table+Atomic Structure Flashcards

(59 cards)

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1
Q

Define an atom

A

What everything is made up of

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2
Q

Define an element

A

Made of ONLY ONE type of atom

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3
Q

Define compound

A

MORE than ONE type of element chemically combined that cannot be separated

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4
Q

What does the group number tell us

A

How many electrons are on the outer shell

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5
Q

What does the period number tell us?

A

How many shells there are

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6
Q

What are group 1 called

A

Alkali metals

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7
Q

What is group 7 called?

A

Halogens

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8
Q

What is group 0 (8) called?

A

Noble gasses

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9
Q

What is the trend in reactivity for group 1

A

The most reactive at the bottom

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10
Q

What is the trend in reactivity in group 7

A

Most reactive at the top

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11
Q

What charge do protons,neutrons and electrons have?

A

Positive,neutral,negative

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12
Q

Name four seperation techniques?

A

Fillteration
crystallisation
distillation
chromotography

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13
Q

Describe properties of metals

A

Ducktile(can be used as wires),sonorous(ringing sound when hit),malleable(can be shaped),lustorous (shiny)
High melting point, high density,good conductors of heat snd electricity

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14
Q

Who discovered the periodic table?

A

Dimitri mendelev

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15
Q

Facts abt periodic table

A

Mendeleev left gaps in the table for undicovered elements,metals are on the left hand side of the staircase

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16
Q

What is the radius if an atim

A

1.0x10 to the minus 8

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17
Q

What is a solvent

A

A liquid in which a solid dissolves

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18
Q

What is a soluble solute

A

A solid that dissolves in a solvent

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19
Q

Who discovered atoms what year

A

John dalton 1803

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20
Q

Who discovered electron what year

A

JJ thomson 1897

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21
Q

Who dicovered protons what year

A

Ernst rutherford 1917

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22
Q

Who discovered neutron what year

A

James chadwick 1932

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23
Q

Plum pudding model

A

JJ thomson mass shared throughout pudding pudding is positive plums are negative (electrons) embeded in the pudding

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24
Q

Nucleur model

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A

Ernst rutherford. Dissproved plum pudding model using gold foil expirement. All mass in nucleus of an atom nucleus is positive most of an atom is empty space negative charged orbit nucles

25
Nucleur model-today
Niel Bohr electrons are at fixed distance from nucleus the centre contains protons and neutrons. Model used today
26
What is the small number on the periodic table
Atomic number (protons and electrons)
27
What is the bug number on the periodic table
Relative Mass number neutrons+protons
28
How many electrons can shell 1 hold
2
29
How many electrons can the rest of the shells hold
8
30
What is a filtrate
Something that has been filtered
31
What is the residue
Whats left in the funnel
32
What is a displacement reaction
When a more reactive element replaces a less reactive element
33
What is the only metal that is liquid at room temp
Mercury
34
What non metal is liwuid at room temp
Bromine
35
What force holds electrons in place
Electrostatic attraction
36
What are all metals trying to do during chemical reactions
Donate outer shell electrons
37
What are all non metald trying to do during chemical reactiond
Gain outer shell electrons from metals
38
What are the 3 magnetic metals
Iton nickel cobalt
39
What is an ion
A charged particle (either negative or positive) Cat ions-positive An ions-negative
40
What ions do metald and non metals form
Non metals form negative ions bc they are gaining negative electrons. Metals form positive ions bc they are losing negative ions
41
What dies inert mean
Unreactive
42
How many sodiums do u need to react with oxygen
2 bc oxygen needs to gain 2 electrons but sodium only donates 1 (Na (subscript) 2 O
43
Whats different abt atoms and ions
Atoms have the same number if protons and electrons whereas ions have different number of electrons and protons Ions are charged Atoms are stable Ions are unstable Ions are formed bc of chemical reactions
44
What happens when group 1 reacts with water
It is flamable and corrosive stored in oil. Less dense that water bc they float and move fizzing snd bubbling flame smoke gas is produced (possibly hydrogen). Soft metals shiny when cut but dull when reacted witb ait Tint pop made when gas produced was lit
45
Why is lithium least reactive alkali metal?
Bc it had the least amount of shells meaning the attraction between the negative electrons and positive nucleus is stronger so the electron is harder to lose during chem reactions
46
What do alkali metals do to water
They turn green neutral water purple
47
How do you know a chemical reaction has taken place
A gas was produced, the colour if the water chnaged and a flame was produced
48
What is an ionic bond
A bond between metal and non metal
49
What is a covalent bond
Bond between non metal and non metal
50
What is formed when an alkali metal is reacted with water
A metal hydroxide and hydrogen gas
51
Describe transition metals
In the middle of periodic table good conductors can be user as catalysts (same properties as metals)
52
What is an isotope
A version if an element that has the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons
53
What is the relative mass of pen
P-1. N-1. E-0
54
Practical-chromotography
To seprate substances in a mixture 1. Draw line at the bottom of the sheet of filter paper. Pencil is insoluble 2. Add a spot of ink on the line and place sheet in a beaker of solvent.eg water 3.make sure Ink isnt touching solvent.dont want it to dissolve 4.place lid on container to stop evaporation 5. Solvent seeps up paper carrying ink w it 6. Each dye in ink move up at different rate. 7.insoluble dyes will stay on baseline 8. When solvent almodt reached end take paper out and dry 9. Produced a chroatogram
55
Practical-filteration
Used if product is an insoluble solid that needs to be separated from a liquid reaction mixture Can be used in purification
56
Practical-evaporation
1. Poor the solution into an evaporating dish. 2. Slowly, heat solutions, a solvent will evaporate and solution will get more concentrated. Eventually crystals will start to form. 3.Keep eating the evaporating dish until all you have left or dry crystals Used to separate soluble solids from solutions . And crystallisation
57
Practical- Distilation
1.used to seperate liquid from a solution 2. Solution is heated. Part of the solution is the lowest boiling point evaporates first. 3. The vapour is cooled condenses (turns into liquid )and is collected. 4. The rest of the solution is left behind in the plus. 5. Can be used to get pure water from seawater. You’ll end up with salt left in the flask. 6. Problem is that it can only be used to separate things with very different boiling points.
58
Practical- fractional distillation
1. Used if you have a mixture of liquids with similar boiling points. 2. Put mixture in a flask and stick a fraction in column on top then you heat it. 3. The different liquids will all have different boiling points evaporate at different temperatures. 4. Liquid with lowest boiling point of approves first when the temp matches, the boiling point of the liquid, it will reach the top of the column. 5. Liquid with higher boiling point might also start to evaporate, but column is cooler towards the top, so they will condense and run back down towards the flask. 6. Once the first liquid has been collected, you raise the temperature until the next one reaches the top.
59
Pattern in group 0
The boiling point of the noble gases increases as you move down the group along with increasing relative atomic mass If given 2 bp then the one u tryna find out will be in between
Chemistry
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