C10 - Human Information Processing

Question 1

Define Attention Mechanism?

Answer 1

A tool used to cope with information from our senses.

Question 2

What is the Cocktail Party Effect?

Answer 2

The ability to pick up relevant information unintentionally.

Question 3

Name three stages of Attention?

Answer 3

• Disengage Attention.
• Shift Attention.
• Engage Attention.

Question 4

What is the term for when a stimulus is very intense the individual may devote all mental capacity?

Answer 4

Tunnelling of Attention.

Question 5

Define Vigilance?

Answer 5

A state of sustained Attention over time.

Question 6

Define Hypervigilance and Hypovigilance?

Answer 6

• High state of Vigilance.

- Low state of Vigilance.

Question 7

Name three elements of Memory?

Answer 7

• Sensory Store.
• Short-Term (Working) Memory.
• Long-Term Memory.

Question 8

With regards to Visual and Auditory, how long does the Sensory Store hold information for (2)?

Answer 8

• Visual = 0.5 seconds.

- Auditory = 2 seconds.

Question 9

How much information does the Short Term/Working Memory holds?

Answer 9

7 +/- 2 bits of information.

Question 10

How long does the Short-Term/Working Memory holds onto information for?

Answer 10

10-20 seconds.

Question 11

True or False. Short-Term/Working Memory has a lot of capacity?

Answer 11

False. Very little.

Question 12

How much capacity does the Long-Term Memory have?

Answer 12

Unlimited Capacity.

Question 13

What are the two Memory Stores found in Long-Term Memory?

Answer 13

• Episodic Memory.

- Semantic Memory.

Question 14

Define Episodic Memory?

Answer 14

Store of autobiographical information and experiences.

Question 15

Define Semantic Memory?

Answer 15

Store of accumulated knowledge.

Question 16

Name two main factors in improving your ability to remember information?

Answer 16

• Rehearsal and Repetition.

- Context and Association.

Question 17

What is Amnesia?

Answer 17

Unable to recall Long-Term Memory.

Question 18

What is Learning?

Answer 18

The ability to gather knowledge or skill.

Question 19

Define Learning?

Answer 19

Permanent changes in behaviour due to past experiences.

Question 20

Define Skill?

Answer 20

Acquired expertise at a task with increased accuracy and reduced errors.

Question 21

Name the three stages of acquiring a Skill from the Anderson Adaptive Control of Thought Model?

Answer 21

• Cognitive.
• Associative.
• Automatic.

Question 22

What is a Skill Based Behaviour?

Answer 22

Skill which takes place without conscious control.

Question 23

What is a Rule Based Behaviour?

Answer 23

Where a routine/procedure has been learnt.

Question 24

What is a Knowledge Based Behaviour?

Answer 24

Dealing with a non-standard problem with no procedure in place.