C3: Inheritance Patterns

Question 1

what is autosomal inheritance?

Answer 1

affects males and females equally, coded on autosomes (non-sex chromosomes)

Question 2

what is an autosomal dominant phenotype?
- under this condition, would the genotype AA be affected/ unaffected/ wild type?
- what about the Aa genotype?
- what about the aa genotype?

Answer 2

when the dominant allele is the one that causes the effect
- affected
- affected
- wild type

Question 3

what is an autosomal recessive phenotype?
- under this condition, would the genotype AA be affected/ unaffected/ wild type?
- what about the Aa genotype?
- what about the aa genotype?

Answer 3

when the recessive allele is the one that causes the effect
- wild type
- wild type “carrier” (they still carry the recessive allele and can pass it onto offspring)
- affected

Question 4

what are the sex chromosomes of males and females respectively?

Answer 4

males: XY
-females: XX

Question 5

• Y- linked traits are ___ and only affect ____
• the affected dad has affected ____
• ____ dad has wild type sons

Answer 5

• rare; males
• sons
• wild type

Question 6

• X- linked recessive traits affect ____ more than ____
• affected males inherit from their ____
• affected daughters must have an affected ____
• affected females have 100% affected ____

Answer 6

• males; females
• mom
• father
• sons

Question 7

what are 2 common examples of X-linked recessive traits?

Answer 7

red green color- blindness and hemophilia

Question 8

the following genotype:
XAY shows…
- which sex?
- is the x linked dominant phenotype affected/ unaffected/ wild type?
- is the x linked recessive phenotype affected/unaffected/ wild type?

Answer 8

• male
• affected
• wild type

Question 9

the following genotype:
XaY shows…
- which sex?
- is the x linked dominant phenotype affected/ unaffected/ wild type?
- is the x linked recessive phenotype affected/unaffected/ wild type?

Answer 9

• male
• wild type
• affected

Question 10

the following genotype:
XAXA shows…
- which sex?
- is the x linked dominant phenotype affected/ unaffected/ wild type?
- is the x linked recessive phenotype affected/unaffected/ wild type?

Answer 10

• female
• affected
• wild type

Question 11

the following genotype:
XAXa shows…
- which sex?
- is the x linked dominant phenotype affected/ unaffected/ wild type?
- is the x linked recessive phenotype affected/unaffected/ wild type?

Answer 11

• female
• affected
• wild type “carrier”

Question 12

the following genotype:
XaXa shows…
- which sex?
- is the x linked dominant phenotype affected/ unaffected/ wild type?
- is the x linked recessive phenotype affected/unaffected/ wild type?

Answer 12

• female
• wild type
• affected

Question 13

in regard to inheritance patterns, describe a summary of all traits

Answer 13

CHECK FOLDER

Question 14

• what is mitochondrial inheritance?
• a haploid ____ with 1 set of nuclear chromosomes and mitochondrial DNA + a ____ with 1 set of nuclear chromosomes = a ____ zygote with ….

Answer 14

• means that every human gets their mitochondrial genome from their mother
• ovum; sperm; diploid; 2 sets of nuclear chromosomes and mitochondrial DNA from ovum

Question 15

what is a pedigree?
- what are the 5 rules on how to pedigrees?

Answer 15

charts depicting the inheritance of a trait
- 1. males are represented by squares, females by circles
2. a cross between a male and female is represented by a horizontal line connecting them
3. offspring from a cross are connected to their parents by a vertical line and to each other by a horizontal line with vertical branches for each sibling
4. offspring of unknown gender (unborn children) are represented by a diamond shape
5. individuals with a trait being studied are shaded in, unaffected individuals are not