C300 - Test #1 Flashcards

Question

Principles of Joint OPS: Economy of Force

Answer 1

1. ***The purpose of economy of force is to expend minimum essential combat power on secondary efforts to allocate the maximum possible combat power on primary efforts.*** 1. Economy of force is the judicious employment and distribution of forces. It is the measured allocation of available combat power to such tasks as limited attacks, defense, delays, deception, or even retrograde operations to achieve mass elsewhere at the decisive point and time.

Answer 2

1. ***The purpose of unity of command is to ensure unity of effort under one responsible commander for every objective.*** 1. Unity of command means all forces operate under a single commander with the requisite authority to direct all forces employed in pursuit of a common purpose. Unity of command may not be possible during coordination and operations with multinational and interagency partners, but the requirement for unity of effort is paramount. Unity of effort—the coordination and cooperation toward common objectives, even if the Principles of Joint Operations A-3 participants are not necessarily part of the same command or organization—is the product of successful unified action.

Answer 3

1. The purpose of security is to ***prevent the enemy from acquiring unexpected advantage.*** 1. Security enhances freedom of action by reducing friendly vulnerability to hostile acts, influence, or surprise. Security results from the measures taken by commanders to protect their forces, the population, or other critical priorities. Staff planning and an understanding of enemy strategy, tactics, and doctrine enhance security. Risk is inherent in military operations. Application of this principle includes prudent risk management, not undue caution.

Answer 4

1. The purpose of surprise is to ***strike at a time or place or in a manner for which the enemy is unprepared***. 1. Surprise can help the commander shift the balance of combat power and thus achieve success well out of proportion to the effort expended. Factors contributing to surprise include speed in decision making, information sharing, and force movement; effective intelligence; deception; application of unexpected combat power; OPSEC; and variations in tactics and methods of operation.

Answer 5

1. The purpose of simplicity is to _increase the probability_ that plans and operations will be ***executed as intended by preparing clear, uncomplicated plans and concise orders***. 1. Simplicity contributes to successful operations. Simple plans and clear, concise orders minimize misunderstanding and confusion. When other factors are equal, the simplest plan is preferable. Simplicity in plans allows better understanding and execution planning at all echelons. Simplicity and clarity of expression greatly facilitate mission execution in the stress, fatigue, fog of war, and complexities of modern combat and are especially critical to success in multinational operations.

Answer 6

1. ***The purpose of restraint is to prevent the unnecessary use of force.*** 1. A single act could cause significant military and political consequences; therefore, judicious use of force is necessary. Restraint requires the careful and disciplined balancing of the need for security, the conduct of military operations, and national objectives. Excessive force antagonizes those parties involved, thereby damaging the legitimacy of the organization that uses it while potentially enhancing the legitimacy of the Appendix A A-4 JP 3-0 CH1 opposing party. Sufficiently detailed ROE the commander tailors to the specific circumstances of the operation can facilitate appropriate restraint.

Answer 7

1. ***The purpose of perseverance is to ensure the commitment necessary to achieve national objectives.*** 1. Perseverance involves preparation for measured, protracted military operations in pursuit of national objectives. Some joint operations may require years to reach the termination criteria. The underlying causes of the crisis may be elusive, making it difficult to achieve decisive resolution. The patient, resolute, and persistent pursuit of national goals and objectives often is essential to success. This will frequently involve diplomatic, economic, and informational measures to supplement military efforts.

Answer 8

1. ***The purpose of legitimacy is to maintain legal and moral authority in the conduct of operations.*** 2. Legitimacy, which can be a decisive factor in operations, is based on the actual and ***perceived legality, morality, and rightness of the actions from the various perspectives of interested audiences***. These audiences will include our national leadership and domestic population, governments, and civilian populations in the OA, and nations and organizations around the world.

Answer 9

1. ***The purpose of specifying the objective is to direct every military operation toward a clearly defined, decisive, and achievable goal.*** 2. The purpose of military operations is to ***achieve specific objectives that support achievement of the overall strategic objectives identified to resolve the conflict.*** This frequently involves the destruction of the enemies’ capabilities and their will to fight. The objective of joint operations not involving this destruction might be more difficult to define; nonetheless, it too must be clear from the beginning. Objectives must directly, quickly, and economically contribute to the purpose of the operation. Each operation must contribute to achieving strategic objectives. JFCs should avoid actions that do not contribute directly to achieving the objective(s). 3. Additionally, changes to the military objectives may occur because national and military leaders gain a better understanding of the situation or they may occur because the situation itself changes. ***The JFC should anticipate these shifts in national objectives*** necessitating changes in the military objectives. The changes may be very subtle, but if not made, achievement of the military objectives may no longer support the national objectives, legitimacy may be undermined, and force security may be compromised.

Answer 10

(1) ***The purpose of an offensive action is to seize, retain, and exploit the initiative.*** (2) Offensive action is the most effective and decisive way to achieve a clearly defined objective. Offensive operations are the means by which a military force seizes and holds the initiative while maintaining freedom of action and achieving decisive results. The importance of offensive action is fundamentally true across all levels of warfare. (3) Commanders adopt the defensive only as a temporary expedient and must seek every opportunity to seize or regain the initiative. An offensive spirit must be inherent in the conduct of all defensive operations.

Answer 11

1. COCOM 2. TACON 3. OPCON 4. Support

Answer 12

1. Planning, programming, budgeting and execution process input 2. Assignment of subordinate commanders 3. Relations with Department of Defense agencies 4. Directive authority for logistics 5. Authoritative direction for all military operations and joint training 6. Organize and employ commands and forces 7. Assign command functions to subordinates 8. Establish plans/requirements for ISR activity 9. Suspend subordinate commanders from duty 10. Local direction and control of movements or maneuvers to accomplish mission 11. Aid, assist, protect, or sustain another organization

Answer 13

1. Authoritative direction for all military operations and joint training 2. Organize and employ commands and forces 3. Assign command functions to subordinates 4. Establish plans/requirements for ISR activity 5. Suspend subordinate commanders from duty 6. Local direction and control of movements or maneuvers to accomplish mission 7. Aid, assist, protect, or sustain another organization

Answer 14

the authority over forces that is limited to the detailed direction and control of movements or maneuvers within the operational area necessary to accomplish missions or tasks assigned, also called TACON.

Answer 15

establishing support relationships between components (as described in JP 1, Doctrine for the Armed Forces of the United States), is a useful option to accomplish needed tasks. The JFC can establish support relationships among all functional and Service component commanders, such as ***for the coordination of operations in depth*** involving the joint force land component commander (JFLCC) and the joint force air component commander (JFACC). Within a joint force, the JFC may designate more than one supported commander simultaneously, and components may simultaneously receive and provide support for different missions, functions, or operations.

Answer 16

1. **Coalition Vs. Combined Operations**: 1. **Combined Operations**: Any OP two or more partners 2. **Coalition**: multiple partners, for single occasion, short-term, ad hoc 1. **Coalition Defined:** A coalition is ***an ad hoc arrangement*** between ***two or more nations*** for common action. Coalitions formed by different nations with ***specific objectives***, usually for a single occasion or for longer cooperation in a narrow sector of common interest. 1. **Combined Operations Defined: *Two or more forces or agencies of two or more allies operating together.***

Answer 17

A collective term used to describe ***military actions conducted by forces of two or more nations***, usually within the structure of a coalition or alliance

Answer 18

1. **Alliance vs. Coalition** 1. **Alliance**: broad and Long-term objective, formal agreement 2. **Coalition**: multiple partners, for single occasion, short-term, ad hoc

Answer 19

1. Deployment and Distribution (move the force; sustain the force) 2. Supply (manage supplies and equipment; inventory mgmt; manage global supplier networks; assess global requirements, resources, capabilities, and risk) 3. Maintenance (depot maint ops; field maint ops) 4. Logistics Services (food service; water and ice service; contingency base services; base and installations support; hygiene services) 5. Operational Contract Support (contract support integration; contractor mgmt.) 6. Engineering (general eng; combat eng; geospatial eng) 7. Health Services (health service delivery; force health protection; health system support)

Answer 20

* JUS AD BELLUM Just Cause Legitimate Authority Public Declaration Just Intent Proportionality Last Resort Reasonable Hope of Success * just cause (ex: aggression, self-defense) * legitimate authority * public declaration * just intent * proportionality * last resort * reasonable hope of success * JUS IN BELLO Discrimination (combatant status) Proportionality (military value of the target) * discrimination (primarily, combatant status) * proportionality

Answer 21

* An independent USG agency. * Principal USG agency for assistance to countries: * Recovering from disaster. * Trying to escape poverty. * Engaging in democratic reforms. * Supports long-term and equitable economic growth. * Advances US foreign policy objectives by supporting: * Economic growth, agriculture, and trade. * Global health. * Democracy, conflict prevention, and humanitarian assistance. * Works in agriculture, democracy and governance, economic growth, the environment, education, health, global partnership, and humanitarian assistance

Answer 22

* **J9**: The joint doctrinal, generic term referring to a standing interagency group at a CCMD; no standard organizational structure. * **JIACG Purpose**: The JIACG is the CCMD’s lead organization for interagency coordination, providing guidance, facilitation, coordination, and synchronization of interagency activities. * **JIACG Roles** * Provides CCDR with the primary and available integration venue to coordinating interagency efforts with joint force action at theater strategic and operational levels * Enhances interchange among USG agencies and military organizations JIACG Responsibilities * Participate in CCMD planning and assessment activities. * Advise CCMD on US government policies, positions, and strategic planning efforts. * Provide interagency perspective during joint operations. * Inform CCMD of interagency approaches, support requirements, capabilities, and limitations. * Establish habitual relationships and collaborative links within USG agencies. * Facilitate communications with JTF staff and component planners on interagency issues. * Support deployment and employment of US government teams within AOR and JOA.

Answer 23

* **Coordination Centers**: It is a proven means of integrating the participating nations’ military forces into the multinational planning, operations, and assessment processes, enhancing coordination and cooperation and supporting an open and full interaction within the MNF structure. * Parrallel command is characterized by no single force commander, and coalition leadership must develop a means to coordinate among participants to ensure unity of effort. Could have equal forces; C2 important; * OP Desert Storm as example.

Answer 24

1. **Unified Action** - The synchronization, coordination, and/or integration of the activities of governmental and nongovernmental entities with military operation to achieve unity of effort. 1. **Unity of Effort** - Coordination and cooperation toward common objectives, even if the participants are not necessarily part of the same command or organization, which is the product of successful unified action. Everthing & Strategic 1. **Unity of Command -** The operation of all forces under a single responsible commander who has the requisite authority to direct and employ those forces in pursuit of common purpose. Military only – JTF

Answer 25

1. FHA 2. Recovery 3. NEO 4. Peace OPS 5. Counterdrug 6. Combating Terrorism (CT) 7. Counterinsurgency 8. Enforcement of Sanctions 9. Arms Control & Disarmament 10. Strikes and Raids 11. ... 12. ... 13. ... 14. ... 15. ... 16. ...

Answer 26

1. Programs conducted to relieve or reduce the results of natural or manmade disasters or other endemic conditions. Conditions such as human pain, disease, hunger, and privation that might present a serious threat to life or that can result in great damage or loss of property. FHA provided by US forces is limited in scope and duration. The FHA provided is designed to supplement or complement the efforts of host nation civil authorities or agencies that may have the primary responsibility for providing FHA.

Answer 27

Operations conducted to search for, locate, identify, rescue, and return personnel, sensitive equipment, or items critical to national security.

Answer 28

Operations directed by the Department of State, or other appropriate authority whereby noncombatants are evacuated from foreign countries when their lives are endangered by war, civil unrest, or natural disaster to safe havens or to the United States.

Answer 29

A broad term that encompasses peacekeeping operations (PKO-Chapter VI) and peace enforcement operations (PEO-Chapter VII) conducted in support of diplomatic efforts to establish and maintain peace.

Answer 30

In counterdrug operations, DOD supports federal, state, and local law enforcement agencies in their efforts to disrupt the transfer of illegal drugs into the United States

Answer 31

Actions, including antiterrorism (defensive measures taken to reduce vulnerability to terrorist acts) and counterterrorism (offensive measures taken to prevent, deter, and respond to terrorism) taken to oppose terrorism throughout the entire threat spectrum.

Answer 32

Include support provided to a government in the military, paramilitary, political, economic, psychological, and civic actions it undertakes to defeat insurgency. Counterinsurgency operations often include security assistance programs such as foreign military sales programs, foreign military financing programs, and international military education and training. Such support may also include Foreign Internal Defense (FID).

Answer 33

Operations that employ coercive measures to interdict the movement of certain types of designated items into or out of a nation or designated area.

Answer 34

1. The identification, verification, inspection, limitation, control, reduction, or elimination of the armed forces and armaments of any kind under international agreement. Including the necessary steps taken under such an agreement to establish an effective system of international control, or to create and strengthen international organizations for the maintenance of peace.

Answer 35

1. ***_Strikes_*** are attacks to damage or destroy an objective or capability. Strikes may be used for punishing offending nations or groups, upholding international law, or preventing those nations or groups from launching their own offensive actions. 2. A ***_Raid_*** is an operation, usually by forced entry, to temporarily seize an area in order to secure information, confuse an adversary, capture personnel, capture equipment, or to destroy a capability. It ends with a planned withdrawal upon completion of the assigned mission.

Answer 36

Civil and/or military assistance rendered to a nation by foreign forces within that nation’s territory during peacetime, crises/emergencies, or war based on agreements mutually concluded between nations. Nation Assistance programs include, but are not limited to, security assistance, foreign internal defense, other US Code Title 10 (DoD) programs and activities performed on a reimbursable basis by Federal agencies or international organizations.

Answer 37

An insurgency is an organized movement aimed at the overthrow of a constituted government through the use of subversion and armed conflict. The US Government may support an insurgency against a regime threatening US interests. US forces may provide logistic and training support to an insurgency, but normally do not themselves conduct combat operations.

Answer 38

These operations are designed to demonstrate US resolve that involves increased visibility of US deployed forces in an attempt to defuse a specific situation that, if allowed to continue, may be detrimental to US interests or national objectives.

Answer 39

The use of proportionate force by US warships, military aircraft, and other forces, when necessary, for the protection of US flag vessels and aircraft, US citizens (whether embarked in US or foreign vessels) and their property against unlawful violence. This protection may be extended (consistent with international law) to foreign flag vessels, aircraft, and persons.

Answer 40

These operations are conducted to demonstrate US or international rights to navigate sea or air routes. Freedom of navigation is a sovereign right according to international law.

Answer 41

An exclusion zone is established by a sanctioning body to prohibit specified activities in a specific geographic area. Exclusion zones can be established in the air (no-fly zones), sea (maritime), or on land.

Answer 42

1. Assembly is to discuss, debate, and make recommendations on subjects pertaining to international peace and security, including development, disarmament, human rights, international law, and the peaceful arbitration of disputes 2. Critical issues = 2/3 vote 3. The General Assembly includes six key working committees. * First Committee: Disarmament and International Security * Second Committee: Economic and Financial * Third Committee: Social, Humanitarian, and Cultural * Fourth Committee: Special Political and Decolonization * Fifth Committee: Administrative and Budgetary * Sixth Committee: Legal 4. Does not consider matters of international peace and security

Answer 43

* DPKO provides political and executive direction to UN peacekeeping operations, maintains contact with UN Security Council, troop and financial contributors, and parties to the conflict. * integrates efforts of UN, governmental and non-governmental organizations in peacekeeping operations. * Provides guidance and support on military, police, mine action, and relevant issues to UN political and peacebuilding missions. * Two principal types of peacekeeping operations are: * (1) Traditional Peacekeeping – UN forces observe, monitor, and report compliance with a ceasefire agreement. * (2) Multidimensional Peacekeeping – often associated with an internal conflict. May have military, police, and civilian components to provide civil security and control and support to governance. * v. 4 Offices * (1) Office of OPS – political strategy & policy * (2) Office of Rule of Law and Security Institutions * a. police, justice, mines, disarm, demob, reintegration * (3) Security reform * (4) Office of Military affairs – deploy capability * (5) Policy, Evaluation and Training Division

Answer 44

1. Shape 2. Deter 3. Seize Initiative 4. Dominate 5. Stabilize 6. Enable Civil Authority

C300 - Test #1 Flashcards

(70 cards)