NDB Frequency Band
190 kHz (upper LF) - 1750 kHz (lower MF)
Orientation for:
Min QE
Max QE
Min QE: Arriving signals in line with fuselage / signals coming from beam
Max QE: 45° to the fuselage, up to ±20°
Coastal Refraction Effect Max
Signal crosses coastline at 30°
Loop Antenna Switching Signal Frequency
47 Hz
Loop Swing Intervals
Initial installation: 15°
Check swings: 45°
Hours to Avoid Loop Swing
±2 hrs of sunset (Avoid night effect)
Air Swing Intervals
10° / 15° (Depending on pattern flown)