C6.1

Question 1

What deficiency causes poor growth and yellow leaves?

Answer 1

Nitrogen

Question 2

What deficiency causes poor fruit growth and discoloured leaves?

Answer 2

Potassium

Question 3

What deficiency causes poor root growth and discoloured leaves?

Answer 3

Phosphorus

Question 4

What is the phosphate ion?

Answer 4

PO4 3-

Question 5

What is the nitrate ion?

Answer 5

NO3 -

Question 6

What is the ammonium ion?

Answer 6

NH4 +

Question 7

Haber Process equation:

Answer 7

N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) <–>2NH3 (g)

Question 8

How is nitrogen manufactured?

Answer 8

Fractional distillation of liquefied air

Question 9

How is hydrogen manufactured?

Answer 9

Reacting natural gas with steam

Question 10

Making potassium sulfate method (with reasoning): (4)

Answer 10

• Add few drops of phenolphthalein to potassium hydroxide solution
• Add dilute sulfuric acid and stop when it turns colourless
• Add charcoal (to remove indicator)
• Evaporate water (not to dryness)

Question 11

Making ammonium sulfate method (with safety): (3)

Answer 11

• Add few drops of methyl orange to ammonia solution (take care breathing the toxic gas)
• Add dilute sulfuric acid and stop when it turns from yellow to red
• Add a little excess ammonia
• Evaporate water (not to dryness)

Question 12

Batch process definition:

Answer 12

Small amount made at one time, that stops frequently

Question 13

Continuous process definition:

Answer 13

Large amounts made that continue all the time

Question 14

Haber process conditions: (3)

Answer 14

• 200 atmospheres (high for fewer moles)
• 450 degrees Celsius (low for exothermic reaction but high enough)
• Iron catalyst

Question 15

What happens to the unreacted hydrogen and nitrogen?

Answer 15

They are recycled

Question 16

Stage 1 of Contact Process:

Answer 16

S (s) + O2 (g) –> SO2 (g)

Question 17

Stage 2 of Contact Process:

Answer 17

2SO2 (g) + O2 <–> 2SO3 (g)

Question 18

Conditions for Contact Process:

Answer 18

• 2 atmospheres (low, although it should be high)
• 450 degrees Celsius (low, but high enough)
• Vanadium oxide catalyst

Question 19

Why is the pressure still low for the Contact process?

Answer 19

In real life the equilibrium is already shifted to the right anyway so it does not need to be altered any more

Question 20

Stage 3 of the Contact Process:

Answer 20

H2O (l) + SO3 (g) –> H2SO4 (aq)

Question 21

Stage 1 breakdown of Stage 3 (Contact Process):

Answer 21

H2SO4 (l) + SO3 (g) –> H2S2O7 (l)

Question 22

Stage 2 of Stage 3 of Contact Process:

Answer 22

H2S2O7 (l) + H2O (l) –> 2H2SO4 (aq)

Question 23

Fermentation equation:

Answer 23

C6H12O6 (aq) –> CO2 (g) + C2H5OH (aq)

Question 24

What is the optimum temperature for fermentation?

Answer 24

35 degrees

Question 25

Hydration of ethene method:

Answer 25

C2H4 (g) + H2O (g) <--> C2H5OH (g)

Question 26

Copper carbonate ore?

Answer 26

Malachite

Question 27

Aluminium oxide ore?

Answer 27

Bauxite

Question 28

Iron III oxide

Answer 28

Haematite

Question 29

If more reactive than carbon what is used?

Answer 29

Electrolysis

Question 30

If less reactive than carbon what is used?

Answer 30

Reduction with carbon/carbon monoxide

Question 31

Stage 1 of copper extraction:

Answer 31

CuS (s) + 3O2 (g) --> CuO (s) + 2SO2 (g)

Question 32

Stage 2 of copper extraction:

Answer 32

2CuO (s) + C (s) --> 2Cu (s) + CO2 (g)

Question 33

Extracting copper steps: (3)

Answer 33

1) Mix copper oxide and charcoal in crucible and heat for several minutes 2) Transfer contents to beaker of water - copper sinks to bottom and excess charcoal floats 3) Wash copper to separate it

Question 34

Stage 1 of extracting iron w/ description:

Answer 34

Coke burns in air making CO2 C (s) + O2 (g) --> CO2 (g)

Question 35

Stage 2 of extracting iron w/ description:

Answer 35

More coke reduces carbon dioxide to make CO CO2 (g) + C (s) --> 2CO (g)

Question 36

Stage 3 of extracting iron w/ description:

Answer 36

Carbon monoxide reacts with iron oxide to make carbon dioxide and iron 3CO (g) + Fe2O3 (s) --> 3CO2 (g) + 2Fe (l)

Question 37

Stage 1 of purification w/slag (include description):

Answer 37

Calcium carbonate decomposes to calcium oxide and carbon dioxide CaCo3 (s) --> CaO (s) + CO2 (g)

Question 38

Stage 2 of purification w/slag (include description):

Answer 38

Calcium oxide reacts with silica to make calcium silicate CaO (s) + SiO2 (g) --> CaSiO3 (l)

Question 39

What is the molten calcium silicate also called and how does it purify other compounds?

Answer 39

It is called slag and it floats on the molten compound so they are removed separately in the blast furnace