c6.2

Question 1

What are the first four prefixes and the mnemonic

Answer 1

Meth
Eth
Prop
But

Monkeys
Eat
Purple
Bananas

Question 2

What suffix indicates alkanes, alkenes, alcohols, and carboxylic acids

Answer 2

Alkanes(C-C, C-H) - ane
Alkenes(C=C) - ene
Alcohols(OH) - ol
Carboxylic acids(-COOH) - anoic acid

Question 3

Name the first four alkanes

Answer 3

Methane, Ethane, Propane, Butane

Question 4

name the first four alkenes

Answer 4

Ethene, Propene, Butene, Pentene

Question 5

name the first four alcohols

Answer 5

Methanol, Ethanol, Propanol, Butanol

Question 6

Name the first four carboxylic acids

Answer 6

Methanoic acid, Ethanoic acid, Propanoic acid,
Butanoic acid

Question 7

What is combustion of alkanes reaction

Answer 7

alkane + oxygen –> carbon dioxide + water

Question 8

How do you test between alkane and alkene

Answer 8

Add bromine water, the alkene will go from orange to colourless, alkane will just go orange.

Question 9

What happens when alkenes react with hydrogen

Answer 9

Addition reaction –> saturated alkane

Question 10

What happens to the C=C bond in addition polymerisation

Answer 10

It is removed, forming -C-C- bonds in a long saturated chain

Question 11

What is a polymer

Answer 11

large molecules built up from small units( monomers)

Question 12

What is a repeat unit?

Answer 12

a structural component of a polymer that, when repeated, forms the entire polymer chain

Question 13

What small molecules are made in a condensation polymerisation reaction

Answer 13

mostly H20, but if includes Cl then HCl

Question 14

What is a diol?

Answer 14

a molecule with 2 alcohol OH functional groups

Question 15

What is a dicarboxylic acid?

Answer 15

a molecule with 2 carboxylic acid COOH functional groups

Question 16

What happens when you react a diol and dicarboxylic acid

Answer 16

The dicarboxylic acid loses the OH off of each COOH group
The diol loses the H off of each OH group
the remaining molecules join together to from a polyester
The H and OH joins to form water

Question 17

what functional groups react to form condensation polymers

Answer 17

alcohol + carboxylic acid –> polyester

amine + carboxylic acid –> polyamide

Question 18

How do you find a repeat unit

Answer 18

look for a chunk of a polymer that involves each functional group only once

Question 19

How is a polyester made

Answer 19

Heat alcohol + carboxylic acid with an acid catalyst.

Question 20

how do you find an addition polymer from an alkene monomer?

Answer 20

remove the C=C to get the repeat unit, then put square brackets around that, with a small n outside.

Question 21

What is DNA

Answer 21

a polymer from four different monomers called nucleotides,

Question 22

what are the four nucleotides in DNA

Answer 22

Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, Thymine

Question 23

What determines the reactions of organic compounds

Answer 23

The functional groups present

Question 24

what process is used to separate crude oil

Answer 24

fractional distillation

Question 25

describe the process of fractional distillation of crude oil

Answer 25

You heat the crude oil until it is vaporised, then it rises in the fractionating column, and it condenses at different levels depending on the boiling points

Question 26

Why are longer chained alkanes collected towards the bottom of the fractionating column

Answer 26

Due to their high boiling points, as they have more and stronger intermolecular forces.

Question 27

What is the general formula of alkanes

Answer 27

CnH2n+2

Question 28

What is the general formula of alkenes

Answer 28

CnH2n

Question 29

What is the general formula of alcohols

Answer 29

CnH2n+OH

Question 30

What is the general formula of carboxylic acids

Answer 30

R-COOH ( Where 'R' represents any organic group )

Question 31

What are some uses of each fraction obtained from the fractional distillation of crude oil.

Answer 31

Refinery gas for bottled gas for heating and cooking gasoline fraction for petrol Naphtha fraction for making chemicals Kerosene/paraffin fraction for jet fuel Diesel oil/gas oil for fuel in diesel engines Fuel oil fraction for fuel for ships and home heating systems Lubricating fraction for lubricants, waxes and pollishes Bitumen for making roads

Question 32

Why is cracking done?

Answer 32

to produce smaller, more useful molecules

Question 33

What are the conditions for cracking

Answer 33

Heat hydrocarbons to vapour, pass over hot catalyst(silica/alumina) OR mix with steam at 600-700°C

Question 34

What are the products of cracking

Answer 34

Alkanes + alkenes

Question 35

What does a chemical cell produce

Answer 35

A potential difference until the reactants are used up

Question 36

What is the overall reaction in a hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell

Answer 36

2H_2 + O_2 --> 2H_2O

Question 37

What reaction happens at the cathode of a hydrogen fuel cell

Answer 37

O2 + (4H+) + (4e-) --> 2H_2O

Question 38

What reaction happens at the anode of a hydrogen fuel cell

Answer 38

2H_2 --> (4H+) + (4E-)

Question 39

Describe what happens in a hydrogen fuel cell

Answer 39

At the anode, hydrogen molecules lose electrons and become hydrogen ions. The electrons flow through the external circuit to the cathode. Hydrogen ions migrate through a special membrane separating the anode and cathode. At the cathode hydrogen ions gain electrons and react with oxygen to form water.

Question 40

Advantages of hydrogen oxygen fuel cells

Answer 40

High efficiency, only water produced ( no CO_2 emissions)

Question 41

Disadvantages of hydrogen-oxygen fuel cells

Answer 41

Production uses finite resources, storage/transport is difficult, hydrogen is explosive.