Engine failure can be detected by :
- Yaw to the right,
- Engine noise decreases,
- Tachometer needles desync on the EPM (engine decreases)
- OIL P warning on the EPM and OIL P red light coming ON.
- Plasma beeper,
- Rotor speed decreasing and “low NR” horn.
Primary transmission failure can be detected by :
- High yaw to the right,
- Engine noise increases,
- Tachometer needles desync on the EPM (engine decreases).
- Eventual engine overspeed only if the governor is OFF - Rotor speed decreasing and “low NR” horn.
Power failure proc- hover below 8 feet AGL
- Use left pedal to counter yawing to the right,
- Cushion landing by raising collective,
- Once landed, lower the collective.
Power failure during take-off
- Use left pedal to counter yawing to the right,
- Use aft cyclic to level the helicopter,
- Before having reached 30 kt IAS, do not lower the collective,
- If IAS is above 30 kt IAS, slightly pitch up while slightly lowering the collective, if needed, to prevent climbing,
- When approaching the ground, raise the collective to cushion contact,
- Use pedals to minimize ground drift,
- Once stopped, lower the collective.
Other in-flight power failures
- Lower the collective immediately and maintain full down,
- Use pedals to control yaw,
- Maintain IAS between 30 and 50 kt IAS (50 kt IAS recommended),
- Select landing area and maneuver to land into the wind,
- Adjust collective to center NR in green arc,
- When the landing is ensured, consider engine restarting if enough time is available.
- At about 60 feet AGL, apply aft cyclic to raise the helicopter nose smoothly and continuously.
- Below 50 kt IAS, this maneuver will not stop sink rate. - As ground closes-on, apply forward cyclic to level the helicopter while raising the collective to stop sink rate.
- Use pedals to minimize ground drift,
- Once stopped, lower the collective.
Failure above 2000 feet AGL :
- Best glide ratio is obtained at airspeed approximately 80 kt IAS (no wind). Increase airspeed with high headwind,
- Recommended NR is mid-yellow arc (480 RPM),
- At about 300 feet AGL, reduce IAS between 30 and 50 kt IAS (50 kt IAS recommended), check NR in green arc and refer to the above procedure.
Airspeed and rotor speed adjustments will reduce the gliding distance. Expect a PRACTICAL glide ratio between 2:1 and 3:1 or 0.7 to 1 nautical mile at 2000 feet AGL.
Ditching
- Apply same procedures as for landing,
- Head equally between the wind and wave direction,
- Open doors,
- Reduce forward and vertical speed to minimum possible before contact with water,
- Keep collective up after contact, to help rotor deceleration.
In-flight engine restart
- Stabilize autorotation,
- Check boost pump ON, fuel valve OPEN,
- Check mixture full forward (RICH),
- Check both ignition switches ON, upward,
- Apply about 50 % throttle (90° twist grip),
- Press starter button.
Engine fire - ON GROUND
- Shut cabin heater OFF,
- Shut fuel valve OFF,
When engine quits : - Switch all switches OFF,
- Pull rotor brake,
- Wait for complete rotor stop before evacuating the cabin.
Engine fire - In flight :
LAND IMMEDIATELY
1. Shut cabin heater OFF,
2. Lower the collective to enter autorotation as per procedure page 3-3,
3. Shut fuel valve OFF,
4. Shut fuel pump OFF,
5. Above 8000 feet AGL, increase airspeed to 90 kt IAS to accelerate the descent,
6. Perform an autorotation landing according to pages 3-3 and 3-4
7. Pull rotor brake,
8. Wait for complete rotor stop before evacuating the cabin.
Electrical fire
Can be detected by a strong smell of burning and/or by smoke.
1. Switch alternator OFF,
2. Switch MASTER OFF,
Note : EPM and NR lights are no longer powered.
3. Move NR switch to “Backup” position,
4. Use NR lights (Backup position) to monitor rotor speed.
Note : Remaining electrical equipment are those on direct battery : BARC backup and ignition
system. Refer to page 7-7 for electrical system description.
If fire source is determined, switch the other systems ON
If electric fire continues, LAND IMMEDIATELY.
If not, LAND AS SOON AS POSSIBLE.
Tail rotor failure - Hovering IGE :
- LAND IMMEDIATELY,
- Reduce throttle in order to reduce left yaw rate,
- Cushion contact with the ground by applying collective pitch up to high stop if necessary.
Tail rotor failure - In Flight
- Switch governor OFF,
- Adjust power to maintain 70 to 80 kt IAS,
- Reach an appropriate surface for an autorotation running landing,
- Enter autorotation, roll-off throttle to its stop and carry out a full autorotation landing. Reduce airspeed as late as you can. Land with as much airspeed as the surface permits.
Engine governor failure - Detected by
- Rotor/Engine speed is not regulated in green arc and throttle extreme position is not reached,
- Rotor/Engine speed changes in level flight,
- If there is a doubt, roll the twist grip slightly and check grip’s reaction.
- GOV light is blinking,
Engine governor failure - Proc
- Hold the twist grip firmly, and overtake the governor action,
- Switch governor OFF,
- Regulate Rotor/Engine speed in the middle of green arc with twist grip,
- CONTINUE FLIGHT
EPM Complete Failure
- LAND AS SOON AS POSSIBLE
- Switch NR switch to Back-up position, check green light,
- Rotor/Engine speed is controlled by the governor and can be checked using high and low NR warning lights.
- Control carburetor heat manually :
▪ Select COLD position at high power,
▪ Select HOT position at low power - In this case, if LOW FUEL lights : LAND IMMEDIATELY
