Psychoactive chemical abuse (4):
- Use which is repeated and results in inability to meet responsibilities at work home or school.
- Chemical use which is repeated in dangerous situations such as driving
- Use which is repeated and has led to legal problems such as arrest
- Use which is continued I spite of repeated problems of a social or personal
Psychoactive chemical dependence (6):
- tolerane to the chemical is indicated by increased usage or lessened effects at the same levels of usage
- Withdrawal symptoms or the usage of similar chemicals toward off withdrawal symptoms
- Increased amounts of chemical is taken or the chemical is taken over a longer period of time
- Individual has a strong desire to cut down on chemical use with unsuccessful results
- A great number of time is spent getting the chemical using the chemical and getting over the effects
- Continued use is observed in spite of the knowln physical and psychological problems which occur.
Physiological dependence: body reacts in a negative way because of lack of chemical (2).
- Primary or acute withdrawal. It lasts from 2-7 days and is characterized by the strongest symptoms.
- The second stage is secondary or prolonged and lasts for weeks or months
Psychological or behavioral dependence: refers to a person taking a chemical to satisfy a feeling or an emotional need. Psysiological and psychological dependence must be present.
Human central nervous system:
3 Parts
- Central: Spinal cords sends information and cenral holds the information.
- Peripheral: gathers information from all over the body
- Autonomic: Automatic; digestion circulation, reproduction.
Psychoactive chemicals (8)
- CNC Depressants
- CNC Stimulants
- Narcotics
- Hallucinogens
- Cannabis
- Inhalants
- Steriods
- Psychotropics
Dependent delusional system: The way a person protects the inner person from the realization of his dependency
- Memory and recall are one part of this system. Repression is when fellings and or incidents are blocked from memory. A blackout is caused by drinking
alcohol to a point of no active memory. Euphoric recall occurs when an addicts recalls what has happened but only as he perceived it.
- Denial
o Telling lies to self and others
o Rationalization is using a logical excuse as a means of justificaiton
Pharmaceutical as treatment for addiction
- Precautions (5)
- Avoid any meds that contain alcohol
- Avoid any meds that contain stimulants
- Avoid any meds that contain narcotic
- Avoid any meds that contain a depressant or a sedative
- Confer with MD or pharmacist about alternatives
Disease Model of Addiction (5)
- Addiction is biopsysocial
- Genetic
- Tolerance to drugs is built up
- Family history of addiction can make generational addicts
- Psychological addiction happens before physical addiction
Elements of Psychological addiction
- The need to get drugs is the most important thing in life
- Self doubt: being able to function is not possible without drugs
- Life is not worthwhile without the drug
- Inability to abstain
- Inability to control the amount used
Central nervous system depressants (3)
Symptoms(4):
- Can depress certain body functions without affecting the rest
- Loose effectiveness after a short period of time
- Sedation and drowsiness
- Symptoms:
* Drunken behavior
* Confusion
* Hostility
* Paranoid
Types of CNC depressants(3):
- Alcohol
- Barbiturates
* Amytal
* Nembutal
* Phenobarbital
* Seconal
* Tuinal - Benzodiazepines
* Valium
* Libriam
* Ativan
* Serax
* Xanax
* Tranxene
* Klonopin
Alcohol = What is it and Effects(3)
Is a sedative because is depresses the central nervous system. Effects: • Lowing of inhibitions • Relaxation • Inhibition of good judgment
Sudden stopping Alcohol can cause withdrawal symptoms (8)
- Edginess
- Insomnia
- Poor appetite
- Sweating
- Hallucination
- Tremors
- Convulsions
- Pain
Alcohol
Long term usage detox (8)
Drugs that help detoz
Long term usage detox • Stomach ulcers • Liver damage • Sexual problems • Brain damage • Cancer • Can be threat of life • Seizers • No longer than 5 days Drugs that help detox • Disulfiram: makes sick if drinks • Naltrexone: Reduces cravings
Barbiturates used for…
Surgery
Withdrawal from barbiturates: (8)
Withdrawal from barbiturates: • Blood pressure and breathing problems • Life threatening • Nausea • Vomiting • Increased heart rate • Abdominal cramping • Shakes • Seizures
Benzodiazepines: otherwise known as tranquilizers
- Reduces anxiety
- Less drowsiness and physical impairment than sedatives
- Safer to take then sedatives
- Long half life
- Good sleeping pills
Tranquilizers
Known for….
Sort term effects
Long term effects
Tranquilizers: known to be given to relieve anxiety and tension prior to surgery
Drugs: Ativan, Serax and Valium
• Short term effects: Problems with memory, reduced inhibition
• Long term effects: headaches, lack of energy, irritability, and sexual problems, slurring speech anxiety
CNS Stimulants
CNS Stimulants • Amphetamines Meth • Chocolate • Coca cola • Cocaine • Nicotine • Chewing tobacco • Snuff
CNS Stimulants Side Effects: (7)
CNS Stimulants Side Effects: • Lossed appetite • Increased motor and speech activity • Pupils are dilated • Dry mouth • Insomnia • Anxiousness • Increased blood pressure
CNS Withdrawal effects: (8)
CNS Withdrawal effects: • Increased appetite • Depression • Irritability • Weakness • Need for sleep • Loss of concentration • Paranoid (severe) • Seizures (severe)
Classes of CNS Stimulants: (3)
Classes of CNS Stimulants:
• Amphetamines
• Dextroamphetamine = coffeine
• Methamphetamine = Meth
Signs of CNS Stimulants (7)
Signs of CNS Stimulants • Increased motor and speech activity • Increase blood pressure • Irritable • Anxious • Dilated pupils • Dry mouth • Insomnia
CNS Stimulants = Amphetamines = uppers = treats narcolepsy and hyperactive children = Ritalin
Withdraw from CNS Stimulants = Amphetamines = uppers (4)
- Fatigue
- Interrupted sleep
- Increase in appetite
- Depression
