HSCI 180 > Caffine > Flashcards

Caffine Flashcards

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1
Q

Caffeine classification

A

stimulant (eg. amphetamines, cocaine)

xanthine/methylxanthine

  • theophylline (tea)
  • theobromine (chocolate)
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2
Q

coffee consumption (statistics canada)

A

increased from 96->106L (from 1990->2009)

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3
Q

factors => difference in coffee consumption

A

gender,
location,
age

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4
Q

caffeine origins

  • name?
  • places and when?
A
  • name from qaweh (Arabic)
  • story: Ethiopian goat herder
  • Egypt (15th century)
  • Middle East (16th century)
  • Europe (17th century)
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5
Q

coffee houses

  • when?
  • purpose?
A
  • England (1650)
  • France (1671)
  • place to relax, learn news, seal bargains, to plot
  • “hotbeds of seditious talk and slanderous attacks upon persons in high stations”
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6
Q

The Women’s Petition Against Coffee

  • when?
  • why?
A
  • 1674

- claims men used too much coffee => impotence

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7
Q

British Act

-what was the result?

A
  • tea drinker = allegiance to the queen

- coffee became the US’ national drink

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8
Q

what caused a decrease in coffee consumption

A

-changing lifestyles (eg. canned drinks)

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9
Q

roasting coffee

  • origins
  • why?
  • commercial?
A
  • Middle East
  • improve flavor, aroma, color

-commercial roasting (1790) in NYC

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10
Q

coffee worldwide

-biggest producer? why?

A
  • Dutch began production in 1696

- Latin America = ideal climate for coffee growing => became the largest producer

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11
Q

species of coffee

A

coffea arabica

  • milder, longer to develop, near-tropical climate
  • more expensive, more desirable

coffea robusta

  • stronger, more bitter,
  • high caffeine content
  • less expensive blends; instant coffee
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12
Q

caffeine removal process

A

-North America: unroasted beans soaked in organic solvent (methylene chloride)

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13
Q

Swiss water process

A

-removes more of the coffee’s flavor when decaffinating

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14
Q

Fair Trade Coffee

A

organized social movement and a market based approach to selling coffee

  • help producers in developing countries
  • higher wages to producers and higher social and environmental condition
  • poverty alleviation and sustainable deveopment
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15
Q

Coffee became America’s favourite drink because:

A

the British Tax Act resulted in the refusal by many to drink tea.

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16
Q

U.S. Coffee consumption reached an all-time high of 9 kilograms per capita in:

A

1946,

after World War II.

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17
Q

Brazil is the world’s leading coffee producer, but which country is number two?

A

Vietnam

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18
Q

The caffeine that is removed from decaffeinated coffee:

A

mostly used in soft drinks.

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19
Q

Oxidized tea is called:

A

black tea

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20
Q

Europeans first encountered chocolate in:

A

mexico

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21
Q

Present-day Coca-Cola contains:

A

extract of decocainized coca leaves and cola nuts.

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22
Q

A fairly large amount of caffeine is included in some over-the-counter:

A

analgesics, like Excedrin.

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23
Q

Caffeine blocks this inhibitory neurotransmitter:

A

adenosine

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24
Q

Some studies suggest that caffeine consumption may:

A

increase the chances of spontaneous abortion.

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25
tea origins
``` Chinese manuscript (350 CE) as medicinal nonmedicinal (780 CE) ``` 1559 Europe 1610 Dutch
26
English East India Company
formed in 1600 monopoly on everything from the east coast of Africa across the Pacific to the west coast of South America concentrated on importing spices - first tea from Dutch to England - expanded: China->England
27
What was the result of Britain banning Dutch imports of tea in 1669?
- gave English East India Company a monopoly - profit from the China tea trade colonized India - brought Opium wars - English switched from coffee -> tea
28
What increased tea drinking campaign?
- low cost on tea - advertising - high tax on alcohol
29
Stamp Act
- 1765 - tax on tea - repealed in 1766 but replaced with Trade and Revenue Act of 1767 - boycott on consumption of English tea
30
result of the stamp act?
increase in coffee, but also increase in smuggling of tea
31
Boston Tea Party
revolution and rejection of tea by American colonists: - increase in tea sales in Britain - tea drinker = loyal to the crown
32
nonoxidized tea leave
green tea
33
partially-oxidized tea
oolong tea
34
what are some health benefits of drinking tea?
various amino acids | antioxidants
35
black tea is made from the leaves of what plant?
Camellia sinesis
36
which tea has the highest caffeine content? and how much per cup?
black tea | 40mg of caffeine/cup
37
effects of theophylline?
relaxes bronchial passages
38
chocolate origins
- choclatl - from cacao bush - originally a thick liquid sometimes frothy and eaten with a spoon
39
According to Stats Canada, coffee consumption increased from ____L to ____L per person in 2009
96 | 106
40
When did caffeine spread to Egypt? Middle East? Europe?
1400s 1500s 1600s
41
where did caffeine originate from?
Ethiopia
42
What was the Womens Petition Against Coffee?
women went against coffee stating that it made men impotent
43
when and where did the Womens petition against coffee happen?
England 1674
44
what is the movement that works to help producers in developing countries called?
Fair Trade Coffee
45
What was Canada's first fair trade town?
Wolfville, Nova Scotia
46
how large is the Canadian market for tea and coffee?
1.5 billion
47
How much of Canada's largest coffee chain have of the coffee market in Canada?
76% of the market dominated by Tim Hortons
48
Tim Hortons outlets are popular in
US United Arab Emirates Kandahar
49
how was coffee originally consumed?
people chewed on beans or put them in hot water
50
when did commercial roasting happen?
1790
51
when did vacuum packing for long-term storage of ground coffee happen?
1900
52
what are the variants of coffee?
caffea arabica | caffe robusta
53
what kind of variant is grown near tropical climates?
arabica
54
which variant is the stronger and more bitter one?
robusta
55
which blend has higher caffeine content?
robusta
56
how to decaffeinate coffee?
soaking unroasted beans in organic solvent
57
what is a process not widely used to decaf coffee?
Alternative Swiss water process
58
where did tea originate from?
China
59
what is the scientific name for Tea
Camellia sinesis
60
when did the dutch first deliver tea to Europe?
1610
61
how are tea leaves prepared?
dried rolled fermented (oxidized)
62
what countries grow the most tea?
Sri Lanka India Indonesia
63
what is the greenish-brown tea? why is it this color
oolong tea | partially oxidized leaves
64
which tea has the highest caffeine content?
black tea
65
which tea has fully oxidized tea? which tea has nonoxidized leaves?
black tea | green tea
66
tea contains which chemical?
theophylline
67
what is theophylline good at?
relaxing bronchial passage | for asthmatics
68
how much caffeine does a cup of tea typically have?
40-60mg
69
where did chocolate originate from?
mesoamerica
70
what is the legend of coffee?
cacao tree was gift to humans from Aztec god
71
what does Theobroma mean?
food of the gods
72
what does chocolatl mean?
choco - warm | latl - beverage
73
what is the Aztec process?
cacao pods sun dried then roasted to remove husk | kernels were ground to obtain thick liquid
74
until when was the Aztec process used?
1828
75
what is the Dutch patent?
removes 2/3 of fat and produces a powder
76
when and who introduced milk chocolate?
1876 | Dutch
77
what does the xanthine theobromine do?
similar to caffeine but less potent in CNS effet
78
how much caffeine does a typical cup of cocoa contain?
4mg
79
what was developed as nerve tonic in the late 1800s
coca-cola
80
what were the two ingredient coca-cola was named after?
coca (leaves) | kola (nuts)
81
up until when did coca cola containe cocaine?
1906
82
what is guaranine?
caffeine but from guarana beans
83
does Health Canada impose regulations on caffeine? on guarnine?
Yes on caffeine but none on guaranine
84
what does MADD believe?
energy drinks pose risk of alcohol related trauma
85
what was the fruit flavored malt liquor beverage that was associated to the death and injury of several young americans?
Four Loko
86
how many Canadians regularly use caffeine
80%
87
what is the average intake of caffeine?
200-250mg a day
88
what are three key xanthines
caffeine theophylline (tea) theobromine (chocolate)
89
how long does it take to reach peak levels?
30min
90
what is the half-life of caffine
3hr
91
caffeine dependence?
reinforcing properties | withdrawal symptoms - headache fatigue
92
what receptor do xanthines block?
adenosine
93
what body parts does caffeine stimulate?
CNS and skeletal muscles
94
what does adenosine do?
decrease neuronal activity and dilates blood vessels => increases oxygen flow (in prep for sleep)
95
why do soldiers use caffeine?
faster reaction times | increases accuracy
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