1
Q
Describe this aspect of wellbeing: ‘cultural’
A
Cultural wellbeing means embracing diversity and inclusivity whilst connecting with your own culture and traditions
2
Q
SPEECS
A
The factors affecting wellbeing:
Social
Physical
Emotional
Economic
Cultural
Spiritual
3
Q
SEASHE
A
SEASHE is the acronym for specific needs. It stands for: Safety (& security), Education, Adequate standard of living, Sense of identity, Health, and Employment
4
Q
Define community
A
A community is a group of people who all belong and share something like an interest, location, value etc. Eg. a church community shares the activity of going to church and also share christian values
5
Q
Describe this aspect of wellbeing: ‘economic’
A
Economic wellbeing refers to your income and money. It means having enough to pay for essentials and having financial security for the future.
6
Q
Describe this aspect of wellbeing: ‘emotional’
A
Emotional wellbeing means mental health, emotional regulation, resilience, coping with emotional distress, and fostering positive emotions.
7
Q
Define group wellbeing
A
Group wellbeing is interdependant as it considers the needs and wellness of of each and every person in a group.
8
Q
Define wellbeing
A
Wellbeing is the degree of satisfaction of social, physical, emotional, economic, cultural and spiritual needs/aspects that contribute to health, coping and resilience, ability to function and quality of life.
9
Q
Define goal
A
An objective someone is trying to reach, achieve or gain
10
Q
Define health
A
According to WHO “Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity”
11
Q
Define illbeing
A
Being deficient in wellbeing, being unwell
12
Q
Define interchangeability of resources
A
Interchangeability is the potential for resources to be shared or exchanged
13
Q
Define ‘need’
A
A need is something that is vital to survive
14
Q
Describe this aspect of wellbeing: ‘physical’
A
Physical wellbeing is your physical health and functioning.
15
Q
What does ‘quality of life’ mean
A
The standard to which a persons is healthy, functioning well in life, experiencing happiness, and having their specific needs met.
16
Q
Define ‘resource’
A
Something that can be used to help reach a goal
17
Q
What are the specific needs and what acronym is used for remembering them
A
The acronym for specific needs is SEASHE which stands for: Safety, Education, Adequate standard of living, Sense of Identity, Health, and Employment
18
Q
Describe ‘safety’ as a specific need
A
The need for safety is the need to feel comfortable, protected from physical and emotional harm. For example having a house may help to meet this need.
19
Q
Define ‘security’
A
Having security means feeling safe, comfortable and protected in the present, and knowing that you will be safe, comfortable and protected in future.
20
Q
Describe this aspect of wellbeing: ‘social’
A
Social wellbeing means having healthy interactions with others, healthy realtionships and belonging to a community.
21
Q
What are the factors affecting wellbeing and what is the acronym used to remember them
A
The acronym is SPEECS which stands for: Social, Physical, Emotional, Economic, Cultural, Spiritual
22
Q
Describe this aspect of wellbeing: ‘spiritual’
A
Spiritual wellbeing is having a sense of purpose, feeling a part of something bigger than oneself, having a healthy outlook on life and having values/morals. For many, spiritual wellbeing is found through religion and a relationship with their God. In keeping with this definition, spirituality can also look like recognising and celebrating common humanity.
23
Q
What does ‘standard of living’ mean
A
The degree to which your primary needs for survial are met eg. food, clothing, shelter.
24
Q
What is a sustainable resource
A
A sustainable resource is a resource that can be continuously replenished. It won’t run out or decrease in quality.
25
How can the importance of each need differ from person to person
The significance of each need differs depending on values, goals and circumstances. For someone at a socioeconomic disadvantage, employment is likely the most siginificant and pressing need. The most siginifcant need to someone living in a war torn country might be safety.
26
What is a non-human resource
A non-human resource is a tangible object.
27
What is a 'human resource'
A human resources are the skills, abilites and talents of people that can help someone reach a goal.
28
What factors influence the availability of and access to resources and services. What is the acroynm to remember them?
"All Good Children Deserve Sweets, Lollies, Hugs, and Laughter" which stands for:
Age
Gender
Culture (and language)
Disability (eg. literacy, level of education, mobility, intellectual or physical disability)
Socioeconomic status
Location
Human resources (e.g. time, energy, knowledge)
Limitations of the service (e.g. opening hours, location, staffing, confidentiality)
Otherwise described as:
- Characteristics of individuals within the group e.g. age, gender, level of education, culture, disability, first language spoken, socioeconomic status
- resources e.g. time, money, energy, knowledge
- aspects of the service e.g. opening hours, confidentiality, location, staffing
29
Which part/s of the availability and access to services/resources acronym does the CAFS term "characteristics of the individual" refer to
A-age
G-gender
C-culture (and first language spoken)
D-disability (specify the type of disability)
S-socioeconomic status
30
Which part/s of the availability and access to services/resources acronym does the CAFS term "aspects of the service" refer to
L-location
L-limitations of the service (e.g. opening hours, location, staffing, confidentiality)
31
Which part/s of the availability and access to services/resources acronym does the CAFS Core 2 Groups in Context "factors affecting access to services" term "resources" refer to
D-disability/ability (only in terms of literacy level and level of education)
S-socioeconomic status (in terms of the resource of money)
Human resources (e.g. time, energy, knowledge)
32
What is informal support
Support that doesn't come from an established organisation or government effort
33
What is formal support
Support provided by an established company, organisation or government
34
What kind of role/s might an individual adopt within their family to help satisfy specific needs?
- Contribute human resources (time, knowledge, skills) to meet needs such as:
Education (e.g. helping with homework or teaching life skills)
Safety and security (e.g. supervision of children)
Adequate standard of living (e.g. cooking, cleaning)
- Take on socioemotional roles to support a family member’s sense of identity (e.g. encouragement, emotional support, positive communication)
- Provide primary needs to satisfy adequate standard of living, including: Preparing meals, Providing shelter
- Earning income for essentials (e.g. rent, bills). Parents often satisfy the specific need of employment on behalf of their children by working to support the household financially
- Meet the health need by: Paying for medical care (e.g. doctor visits, prescriptions), providing first aid, referring to a medical professional, checking in on family members
35
What kind of role/s might an individual adopt within their family to help promote wellbeing
- enrolling children in school
- enrolling children in sports
- modeling emotional regulation
- promoting healthy eating
- modeling fitness
36
What kind of role/s might an individual adopt within their family to help build relationship
- socioemotional roles eg. mediating disputes, organising quality time as a family, offering care and attention to other family members
37
Define the family structure: Blended
A blended family is a family structure where one or both partners have at least one child from a previous relationship and may also have biological children together. It typically includes a mix of biological and step-parenting roles and can be formed through marriage or by entering a committed relationship that brings the partners and their children together as one family unit.
38
Define the family structure: Extended
An extended family can be defined as immediate family living with at least one relative from their extended family.
39
Define the family structure: Foster
A foster family is an individual or couple who has been formally authorised by a child protection authority to provide temporary or long-term care in their home for children who are unable to live safely with their birth families.
40
Define the family structure: Nuclear
A nuclear family structure can be defined as a married heterosexual couple and their offspring
41
Define the family structure: Kinship
A kinship family structure is common amongst indigenous communities. In this family structure, children and young people are cared for by a relative, family member, close friend or a member of the community’.
42
How might the ways one family structure satisfies their specific needs differ from the ways another family structure satisfies specific needs
People generally assume different roles in different family structures. For example a sole parent may work full time and be a primary caregiver, a nuclear family may adopt traditional gender roles etc. Different family structures also have different challenges. For example a sole parent family might live off of a sole income, a same-sex couple family may face discriminatation etc.
43
What differentiates an adoptive family structure from other family structures when it comes to satisfying specific needs?
Adoptive parents are assessed to ensure they have the resources to satisfy the needs of the child. Most importantly, they will need to provide safety, security and an adequate standard of living.
44
What differentiates a foster family structure from other family structures when it comes to satisfying specific needs?
Foster carers are assessed to ensure they have the resources to satisfy the needs of the child. Most importantly, they will need to provide safety, security and an adequate standard of living. Satisfying the need "sense of identity" can be challenging for foster families. Children in foster care are moved houses and away from loved ones, they may also lose touch with their cultural heritage.
45
What differentiates a nuclear family structure from other family structures when it comes to satisfying specific needs?
Nuclear family structures are more likely to follow traditional gender roles. The father may have the responsibility of satisfying the specific need "employment" while the mother may have the responsibility of satisfying the specific need "adequate standard of living".
46
Define community
Adoptive parents are assessed to ensure they have the resources to satisfy the needs of the child. Most importantly, they will need to provide safety, security and an adequate standard of living.
47
What are the stages of life
- infancy
- childhood
- adolescence
- adulthood
- the aged
48
How would you structure a 4 mark response?
(half page)
x1 body paragraph broken down into:
- topic sentence
- introduce + define key terms
- provide explanation about what the question is asking
- example
- link example back to the question
49
How would you structure a 6 mark response?
(2/3 - 1 page)
- x2 body paragraphs (no intro/conclusion paragraph) broken down into:
- topic sentence
- introduce + define key terms
- provide explanation about what the question is asking
- example
- link example back to the question
(repeat structure for second body paragraph)
50
Define family
A group of two or more people who are related because of blood, step relation, adoption, marriage or a de facto relationship, and who are usually resident in the same household. Though the members of a communal family may not all be related, they are considered family because they function as one.
51
What is the age range for infancy
birth to age 3
52
What is the age range for childhood
3-12
53
what is the age range for adolescence
12-18
54
what is the age range for the adulthood
18-65
55
what is the age range for "the aged"
65 and over
56
How would you structure a 10 mark response?
(2 pages)
- introduction paragraph that includes:
- demonstration of content knowledge (e.g. listing all of an acronym
- any necessary definitions
- x2-3 body paragraphs (dependent on question) that includes:
- topic sentence
- define any necessary key terms
- provide explanation about what the question is asking
- detailed example
- link example back to the question
(repeat structure for all body paragraphs)
- conclusion paragraph
- 2-3 sentences to summarise
57
What are markers looking for when marking a CAFS response
- Responding to the question
- Addressing the NESA directive verb all throughout and demonstrating that through your language
- In depth SUAVE examples
- Defining CAFS terminology
- Linking examples back to the question
- Linking to wellbeing
58
What is a literature review?
A literature review is a secondary research method where existing knowledge on a particular topic is collected and evaluated.
59
What is a questionnaire?
A questionnaire is a written form of surveying that asks the responder to answer preset questions. A questionnaire is a primary source.
60
What is an interview?
An interview is a primary research method where a conversation is had between two or more people so that the researcher may collect information or opinions; it is often concerned with the responder's understanding, knowledge or perception of the facts or circumstances related to the topic of research
61
What is an observation?
An observation is a primary research method that requires the researcher to watch and record the behaviours of their subjects. Findings can be recorded in the form of a sociogram.
62
What is a case study? (remember that the CAFS syllabus focuses on case study as a secondary research method)
A case study is an in-depth investigation and analysis of an individual, community, group, event, or institution conducted over a period of time. When used as a secondary research method, a case study relies on analysing and interpreting existing data rather than collecting new, original data.
63
What are the advantages of a literature review
- demonstrates how the researcher has studied the topic and has obtained their knowledge from reliable sources
- data can be both quantitative and qualitative
- provide context and a range of perspectives
- informed by a range of reputable sources, preventing bias
64
What are the advantages of a questionnaire
- questions can be designed to collect both qualitative and quantitative data
- quick online distribution
- respondants can participate in their own time
- many people can be questioned at the same time
- closed questions can easily be represented as data
- primary research method
65
What are the advantages of an interview
- primary research method
- researcher can adjust questions according to the response and ask further questions
- qualitative and quantitative data can be gathered
66
What are the advantages of an observation
- primary research method
- qualitative observations such as relationship dynamics can be made
67
What are the advantages of a case study
- demonstrates how the researcher has studied the topic and has obtained their knowledge from reliable sources
- data can be both quantitative and qualitative
- provide context
68
What are the disadvantages of a literature review
- requires advanced literacy and research skills
- bias can occur if personal judgements are made about the case
- sometimes the information is not current
- it is a secondary research method
69
What are the disadvantages of a questionnaire
- questions may be misinterpreted
- requires literacy skills
- missing responses create bias
- possibility of low response rate
70
What are the disadvantages of an interview
- time consuming to plan questions, conduct interviews and collate data
- some respondants may feel uncomfortable answering questions face-to-face
- bias may occur due to interpretations of body language and appearance
71
What are the disadvantages of an observation
- bias can occur due to interpretation of body language and appearance
- subjects may not feel comfortable being observed and act differently as a result
- can be time consuming
- less quantitative data
72
What are the disadvantages of a case study
- requires advanced literacy and research skills
- bias can occur if personal judgements are made about the case
- sometimes the information is not current
- it is a secondary research method
73
What academic diagram could you reference to show the connection between mental health and wellbeing
The Dual Continua Model of Mental Health: one end of the spectrum represents low wellbeing, high psychological distress and the other end of the spectrum represents high wellbeing, low psychological distress
74
Provide a quote that shows the link between health and employment
"People from poorer households are less likely to be physically active, to visit
a dentist or medical specialist, or to have a medical test such as a skin cancer check or
mammogram to detect breast cancer." - Oxford Insight Geography, Geographies of human wellbeing
75
Provide a quote that shows the link between employment or wealth and education
"Children from
poorer households are less likely to attend early childhood education and less likely to go to university than children from wealthier households." - Oxford Insight Geography, Geographies of human wellbeing
76
Provide a quote that communicates the link between education and wellbeing
"Access to a formal education is viewed by many people
as the key to improving wellbeing. Being able to read
and write gives people access to a greater number of
services and provides a range of options that can lead
to better jobs, higher wages and improved standards of
living. Education also increases people’s self-esteem and
allows them to have more control over their future." - Oxford Insight Geography, Geographies of human wellbeing
77
Provide a quote that demonstrates the link between community interventions and youth mental health
"systematic reviews have found several approaches improve wellbeing in young people. These include; positive psychology interventions, self-regulation skills, exercise and physical activity, nature and outdoor interventions" - Headspace
78
Provide a quote that says community based support networks are important
"Where a family does not have the resources to provide the necessary care for an individual, community networks and organisations can step in to assist." - The Australian Bereau of Statistics, Frameworks for Australian Social Statistics 2001
79
Provide a quote that links family to wellbeing
"An individual's family is often their most fundamental source of emotional, physical and financial care and support" - The Australian Bereau of Statistics, Frameworks for Australian Social Statistics 2001
80
What does the acronym MSG stand for and in what core does it belong
Core 1: Research Methodologies
The sampling process:
M - methods
S - size
G - group (appropriate sample group)
81
Random sampling is...
Random sampling involves selecting participants at random to participate.
82
Systematic sampling is...
Systematic sampling involves choosing participants systematically at a regular interval e.g. every 10th person.
83
Stratified sampling is...
A stratified sample separates a larger group into strata and involves an equal percentage or number of participants from each subgroup. For example, 10% of each year grade at a school. Stratified sampling ensures that each group within the wider population is represented and heard.
84
Cluster sampling is...
Cluster sampling divides the population into various groups/clusters and selects participants at random from within each cluster.
85
Convenience sampling is...
Convenience sampling is based on who is most likely to agree to participate, easily located and available e.g. family and friends. Convenience sampling risks researcher bias and results may not reflect the wider population.
86
Relate ethics to research methodology used to collect data on families and communities
Ethics must be strictly adhered to during research to protect the rights and wellbeing of participants. Ethics ensure that community services recieve true information that doesn't discriminate and informs the best practice for the people they service. There are major consequences to violating ethics. For example, bias has delayed proper support for women with alzheimers.
87
Define ethics
Ethics is a system of moral principles or standards governing the appropriate conduct for an individual or group with respect to a specific situation. The Community and Family Studies course recognises respect, integrity, privacy/confidentiality and bias as the key principles governing ethical research.
88
What does BIRP stand for and what is its purpose
Bias
Integrity
Respect
Privacy
89
Define respect and how it is maintained during research
Respect in research is the ethical recognition of the inherent dignity and autonomy of participants by valuing their cultural backgrounds, lived experiences and right to self determination. It is maintained by obtaining informed consent, allowing participants to withdraw at any time without penalty, ensuring contributions are represented with sensitivity, providing a sense of safety, acknowledging agency, validating concerns and treating every individual as a person of equal worth.
90
Define Integrity and how it is maintained during research
Integrity in research is the commitment to objective truth and accountability through the transparent reporting of all findings regardless of whether they support the original hypothesis. It is maintained by accurately documenting methodologies, acknowledging all data sources and ensuring that results are never fabricated or falsified to meet specific agendas.
91
Define privacy, its sisters and how it is maintained during research
Privacy can be defined as the right to keep certain personal matters from public view.
Confidentiality is the process of and obligation to keep a transaction private and undisclosed.
Anonymity refers to being free from identification.
Privacy can be assured during research by:
- way of informed consent
- using numbers or letters to title responses and represent the respondent rather than their name or pronouns
- keeping data and opinions from public view
- using secure software to record data
- deleting or disposing of data that's no longer needed
92
Name Privacy's sisters
Anonymity and Confidentiality
93
Define bias and how it is removed during research
Bias distorts findings and results by favouring one side, viewpoint or disposition over another.
In order to reduce bias, researchers should approach the project with a curious attitude that is objective, be mindful of the questions they ask to be sure they aren't leading, and choose a sample method to accurately represent the diversity, age, gender and culture of the group in question.
94
What is reliability
Reliability refers to the consistency and repeatability of measurement tools and processes. A reliable study would produce similar results under the same conditions.
95
What is validity
Validity concerns the accuracy of the data collected. A valid study measures what it sets out to using an appropriate sample and relevant questions. Validity demands the right sample and focused questions to answer the research question accurately.
96
Differentiate reliability and validity
Reliability refers to the consistency and repeatability of measurement tools and processes. A reliable study would produce similar results under the same conditions. Validity concerns the accuracy of the data collected. A valid study measures what it sets out to using an appropriate sample and relevant questions. Validity demands the right sample and focused questions to answer the research question accurately.
97
What indicates reliability
Repeatability
98
What indicates validity
Accuracy, truth, certainty, you measured what was supposed to be measured e.g. an appropriate sample method, size and group, relevant questions,
99
What is the mnemonic for sampling methods, what are the key letters, and what sampling methods do the key letters stand for
The mnemonic sentence for sampling methods is:
Cee Cee Rates Sexy Saxon
The key letters are CCRSS
which stand for:
C- cluster sample
C- convenience sample
R - random sample
S - stratified sample
S - systematic sample
100
Differentiate "parent" and "carer"
A carer is a person who provides ongoing care for a dependant, either formally or informally. Some carers are a teacher, nurse, babysitter etc. to their dependant rather than a parent. Some biological parents don't step into the carer role such as parents who don't have custody of their children.
101
Define social parent
Social parents take on the responsibilities of a parent by adopting, fostering or step-parenting a child or having a child through surrogacy. The parent is genetically unrelated to the child, excepting intrafamily adoption and gestational surrogacy.
102
Define biological parent
A biological parent has contributed half the genetic material to an individual by way of either sexual intercourse or reproductive technology.
103
What are the systems that allow social parents to become parents
- Adoption
- Fostering
- Step-parenting
- Surrogacy
104
Is IVF biological or social
Both, so make sure you explain the exact situation.
In the CAFS textbook it falls under biological parenting but here are the nuances:
IVF involving a donor - social
IVF or ART through surrogacy - social
Standard IVF - biological
105
What does ART stand for
Assisted reproductive technologies
106
What does IVF stand for
In vitro fertilisation
107
Define adoption
Adoption is the legal process where all legal rights and responsibilities are transfered from birth parents to adoptive parents.
108
What are the types of adoption
- Local
- Permanent care
- Out-of-home
- Intercountry
- Intrafamily
109
How many types of adoption are there
five - local, permanent care, out-of-home, intercountry, intrafamily
110
What is open adoption
In an open adoption, all parties involved agree to contact and exchanging information
111
What is local adoption
The birth parents voluntarily agree to give up their infant who is between 0 and 2 years old for adoption.
112
What is permanent care adoption
Family and Community Services become responsible for the child in the case of permanent care adoption. Permanent care adoption is organised when a child is unable to remain under their parents care or the care of their relatives.
113
What is out-of-home adoption
Out-of-home adoption places the child with authorised carers because an authority has determined that they cannot safely live with their birth parents or relatives.
114
What is intercountry adoption
Intercountry adoption is adopting a child from a different country. The country must be a member of the Hague Convention 'Protection of Children and Co-operation in Respect to Intercountry Adoption'
115
What is intrafamily adoption
In NSW, adoption is considered intrafamily when the child is placed under the care of a step-parent or relative who lives in NSW.
116
Define fostering
Foster care is an alternative living arrangement for children whose parents are temporarily unable to care for them where the child is placed with a volunteer FACS has authorised to care for them.
117
Define foster carer
A foster carer is an individual or couple who volunteers to take on the responsibilities of a carer and provide a safe home for a child who is unable to live with their birth parents or relatives. An individual or couple can only become a foster carer once they have been approved by FACS. Foster care is designed to be temporary, though in some cases foster carers provide long-term care.
118
Define step-parent
A step-parent is married to or in a de facto relationship with one of the dependant's birth parents or adoptive parents, though they are not not a birth parent or adoptive parent of the dependant themself.
119
Define surrogacy
Surrogacy is a form of assisted reproductive technology where a woman offers to carry a pregnancy to term on behalf of an individual or couple who have sought fertility treatment. Under the Surrogacy Act 2010 (NSW), prospective parents and their surrogate must wait at least 30 days after the birth before submitting a parentage order to legally transfer rights. The baby may or may not share a genetic relationship with their intended parents because some couples contribute their own genetic material while others choose a donor for the sex cells they cannot provide. Consequently, surrogacy is classified as social parenting. This category is inclusive of cases that also fit the definition for biological parenting.
120
What are the legal implications for adoptive parents
All parentage rights and responsibilities are transferred from from birth parents to adoptive parents. This is a permanent change. If the biological parents want contact after the adoption process is complete, they must have Family Court permission.
121
What are the legal implications for foster parents
Fosters parents must apply with a non-government agency, they are authorised to provide a safe and stable home by FACS, they are eligible for the carers allowance, they have carer's rights under the Child and Young Persons Act 1998, and lastly they cannot make legal decisions on behalf of their foster child.
122
What are the legal implications for step-parents
Step-parents have no legal responsibility for their child however there is a pathway to adoption for step-parents. In a medical emergency, if no legal parent is present, a medical professional may consult the patient's step-parent.
123
What are the legal implications of surrogacy
- Commercial surrogacy is illegal under the Surrogacy Act 2010 (NSW)
- Single individuals and same-sex couples cannot legally use surrogacy in WA and SA because of their state law
- Under the Surrogacy Act 2010 (NSW), prospective parents and their surrogate must wait at least 30 days after the birth before submitting a parentage order to legally transfer rights
- In NSW, the surrogate is considered the legal parent (along with her partner, if any) at the time of the child's birth and retains primary legal rights until a Parentage Order is made by the Supreme Court, regardless of the child's genetics
124
What are the social implications of adoption
- some don't fit the stereotype of family resemblance and sharing the same ethnicity
- society has an increasingly positive view on same-sex couples adopting
- open adoption can benefit the social wellbeing of all parents involved
- children in a closed adoption arrangement or who don't share the same cultural heritage as their adoptive parents may struggle with the social aspect of their identity
- removal from the birth family can have an adverse effect on the child's social wellbeing (though this is unavoidable because authorities have determined that removing the child from the birth family is what's best for the child's wellbeing overall)
125
What are the social implications of fostering
- Increased support for foster families and carer's rights could persuade more people to take on foster children
- exposure to different cultures and belonging to different groups can benefit social and spiritual wellbeing
- removal from the birth family can have an adverse effect on the child's social wellbeing (though this is unavoidable because authorities have determined that removing the child from the birth family is what's best for the child's wellbeing overall)
- there may be relationship conflict between dependant and carer due to difficulties coping with change and possibly the dependant's family trauma
126
What are the social implications of step-parenting
- becoming more common
- society has an increasingly positive view of step-parenting
- if part of a blended family, exposure to different cultures and belonging to different groups can benefit social and spiritual wellbeing
- there may be relationship conflict between dependant and carer due to difficulties coping with change, especially if the dependant is still processing their birth parents' divorce, or the step-parent introduces new rules
- don't fit the sterotype of the nuclear family
- some don't fit the stereotype of family resemblance and sharing the same ethnicity
- society doesn't have clear expectations of step parents so there is grey-area surrounding their role and authority. This grey-area may cause the step-parent's parenting style to become disorganised or their dependant to rebell against them
127
What are the social implications of surrogacy
- discourse concerning how same-sex couples and single individuals living in WA or SA don't have the option of surrogacy
- some religions don't support surrogacy
- NSW state law surrounding surrogacy and parental responsibility complicates the role of each person involved. For example, if the surrogate has a spouse or de facto partner, their partner also has legal responsibility for the child unless a parentage order to transfer that responsibility to the intended parents is approved. Intended parents choose different ways of involving the surrogate in their family, if at all. For instance, the surrogate may become the child's godmother. Additionally, a child born from surrogacy involving a donor may wish to meet their donor. This confusion could impact the child's social identity negatively. However, it should also be acknowledged that a large network of family members can have a positive impact on social wellbeing.
128
What are the technological implications of adoption
- Improved reproductive technology means less individuals or couples choosing adoption
- Improved contraception means less children up for adoption
- Easier access to information on adoption through the internet
- Social media support groups for adoptive parents
- Those with an open adoption arrangement can communicate through social media and birth parents can stay updated on how their biological child is going
129
What are the technological implications of fostering
- Social media support groups for foster carers
- Social media such as facetime has made it easier for children to contact their birth parents when being looked after by foster carers
- Positive stories about fostering in the media may encourage more people to become foster carers. For example the movie "Instant Family".
130
What are the technological implications of step-parenting
- with technology advancing rapidly, many parents feel unprepared when it comes to setting screen time limits for their children. Parents often face relationship conflict when setting boundaries around technology because, since electronics are objects often belonging to one individual, children feel that they alone have the authority over their digital space. This poses a greater challenge for step-parents. Society doesn't set clear expectations for step-parents. As a result, there is grey-area surrounding their role and authority. This grey-area may cause a step-parent's parenting style to become disorganised or their dependant to rebell against them. Therefore it is especially hard to set screen time limits as a step-parent.
131
What are the technological implications of surrogacy
- advancements in repropuctive technology have made surrogacy possible and have to some degree improved the success rate. In like manner, women are now able to freeze their eggs and later use them for surrogacy.
132
Define dependent
A dependant is an individual who relies on others such parents and carers for their wellbeing. They may be dependant due to age (namely children and the aged), disability, illness or other factors which limit the individual's capacity to meet their own needs.
133
Define primary carer
A primary carer is the main individual responsible for providing ongoing, daily care in each and every aspect of the dependant's life.
134
Define informal carer
An informal carer is an individual such as a family member or friend who provides ongoing, unpaid care for a child, or otherwise for someone with an illness, disability, or frailty due to age.
135
Define formal carer
Formal carers are paid, trained professionals who provide care through an agency or organisation. For example, this includes a registered nurse.
136
What are the types of carers?
Primary, informal and formal
137
Do the terms 'parent' and 'carer' mean the same thing?
No, a parent is either legally considered a parent or they're a step-parent or foster carer. A carer on the other hand, is someone who provides ongoing care for a dependant. This could include a parent, foster carer, nurse, teacher, babysitter etc. However this would not include a birth parent who is uninvolved with their child, a step-parent who hasn't taken on a carer role, and other parents who aren't carers.
138
Can informal or formal carers also be considered primary carers?
Yes. A person can't be both an informal and formal carer for one dependent, but they can be a primary carer and and either an informal or formal carer at the same time.
139
Relate the role 'promoting wellbeing' to how parents and carers can contribute to the wellbeing of their dependents
Promoting wellbeing - modeling healthy behaviours can encourage the dependant to start healthy habits which benefit aspects of their wellbeing e.g. teaching a child to brush their teeth or demonstrating healthy food choices to improve the dependant's physical wellbeing
140
Relate the role 'building relationship' to how parents and carers can contribute to the wellbeing of their dependents
Building relationships - building relationship can benefit the dependant's social and emotional wellbeing. For instance, attachment theory links the availability of parents and how often they care for or validate their children to the child's self esteem and anxiety in future relationships.
141
Relate the role 'satisfying specific needs' to how parents and carers can contribute to the wellbeing of their dependents
Satisfying specific needs - Specific needs and wellbeing are inextricably linked. Caring for even just one specific need can improve the corresponding aspect of wellbeing. For example, foster carers are screened to provide and maintain an adequate standard of living for children who may have had an unsafe home in the past, one that didn't satisfy this need. By providing shelter, food, water, clothing and other essentials, foster carers attempt to support the economic and physical wellbeing of their dependants. This may especially impact the wellbeing of a child who experienced abuse in the form of negligence.
142
Give an example of a parent or carer and dependent for the impact of changing health behaviours on dependent wellbeing
Expectant parent - pregnant woman
Health behaviours & Impact Avoiding alcohol - prevents birth defects such as foetal alcohol syndrome
Eating leafy greens for folic acid - prevents birth defects such as spina bifida
Recommended dosage of an iodine supplement - supports the development of the baby's brain and spinal cord
Support
Royal Women's Hospital Victoria fact sheets
143
Give an example of a parent or carer and dependent for the impact of organising finances on dependent wellbeing
Informal carer - adult daughter preparing to care for her aged parent who has recently become physically disabled
Organising finances & Impact
- Accessing centrelink, NDIS or medicare to look into the carer's allowance, the disability support pension or subsidised mobility equipment
144
Give an example of a parent or carer and dependent for the impact of modifying physical environment on dependent wellbeing
Informal carer - adult daughter preparing to care for her aged parent who has some vision loss and memory loss
Modifying physical environment & Impact
- braille stickers on appliances such as the washing machine - improves emotional wellbeing by satisfying the psychological need for competance and equal access
- choosing a one story home with a simple, familiar layout - improves emotional and physical wellbeing by reducing the risk of falls and helping the dependant with dementia feel safe
145
Give an example of a parent or carer and dependent for the impact of enhancing knowledge and skills on dependent wellbeing
146
What are the preparations for becoming a parent or carer
147
What is the acronym for preparations for becoming a carer
148
What does the acronym C.O.M.E stand for
149
What is the acronym for characteristics of a dependent and what does it stand for?
150
What is the acronym for the four ethical principles that guide research?
RIPB
151
What are the factors affecting the roles of parents and carers
Characteristics of the dependent: Age, skills & capabilities, special needs
Personal: culture, upbringing, multiple commitments, previous experience, religion and values, education, socioeconomic status, special needs
Social: community attitudes (like parenting decisions that are often polarised and controversial topics... for example some people feel very strongly about choosing to breastfeed, choosing to hit their child as dicipline, no screen time, no sugar or food additives etc.), gender expectations, media stereotypes
Styles of parenting or caring: authoritarian, democratic, negligent, permissive
152
What are the characteristics of the dependent
Age, skills & capabilities, special needs
153
What are the social factors affecting the roles parents and carers take on
community attitudes (like parenting decisions that are often polarised and controversial topics... for example some people feel very strongly about choosing to breastfeed, choosing to hit their child as dicipline, no screen time, no sugar or food additives etc.), gender expectations, media stereotypes
154
What are the personal factors affecting the roles parents and carers take on
culture, upbringing, multiple commitments, previous experience, religion and values, education, socioeconomic status, special needs
155
What are the parenting styles
authoritarian, democratic, negligent, permissive
156
What is the acronym for personal factors affecting the roles parents and carers take on
COMPRESS
157
What does the acronym COMPRESS stand for and what is it used for
Personal factors affecting the roles parents and carers take on:
C- culture
O - own upbringing
M - multiple commitments
P - previous experience
R - religion and values
E - education
S - socioeconomic status
S - special needs
158
When it comes to parenting and caring, what kind of impact can preparations have on the wellbeing of a dependent? - CHANGING HEALTH BEHAVIOURS EDITION
Changing health behaviours - parents and carers can fulfill the role of promoting wellbeing and improve their dependant's wellbeing by demonstrating healthy behaviours, pregnant expectant mothers can support the development of their baby and in turn benefit their physical wellbeing or protect them from adverse physical wellbeing by increasing their consumption of certain nutrients, promoting wellbeing through health behaviours can be especially important for foster carers and adoptive parents as the child may have come from a home with less structure and they are already experiencing a lot of change.
159
When it comes to parenting and caring, what kind of impact can preparations have on the wellbeing of a dependent? - ORGANISING FINANCES EDITION
Supports economic wellbeing, adequate standard of living, education opportunities etc. New parents need to budget for things like nappies, a cot, a pram, toys etc. to support adequate standard of living, education and physical health since many of these are hygiene items
160
When it comes to parenting and caring, what kind of impact can preparations have on the wellbeing of a dependent? - MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT EDITION
Creating a familiar environment for someone blind or someone with dementia can protect emotional and physical wellbeing, babyproofing can protect physical wellbeing, locking access to where medicine is stored can protect the physical wellbeing of children, expanding to create room for children can improve adequate standard of living, choosing a one story home for a dependant who is a wheelchair or putting braille over buttons and labels for a blind dependant can support emotional wellbeing by satisfying the psychological need for equal access, competance and autonomy
161
When it comes to parenting and caring, what kind of impact can preparations have on the wellbeing of a dependent? - ENHANCING KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS EDITION
Expectant parents may research different parenting styles in order to choose a style that will have the best wellbeing outcomes, foster carers may need to research how to support the emotional wellbeing of children with family trauma, adoptive parents may research their adopted child's culture and cultural events if the don't share the same ethnicity to support cultural wellbeing
162
What are the management strategies for multiple commitments
- identifying values
- setting goals and prioritising
- delegating
- accessing resources and using them sustainably
- flexibility
- establishing routine
- effective communication
163
How does culture influence the roles parents and carers take on?
Parents aim to raise their children with the same values, culture and religion. This might involve taking their child to cultural events, a place of worship, a religious school or emphasising certain values through their parenting. A family member may choose to become an informal carer for their aged relative who is culturally and linguistically diverse as it could become a barrier if they were to enter an aged care facility. Foster carers and adoptive parents with a different culture, religion or ethnicity to their child may find it challenging to honour their child's culture. They might overcome the challenge by researching their child's culture and organising intentional ways to honour it.
164
How does upbringing influence the roles parents and carers take on?
Parents are likely to copy their parents parenting style and are more likely to become parents if they had a positive experience growing up in their family. Family members may opt to become informal carers because someone close to them had a negative experience under formal care. Carers with family trauma may struggle to fulfil the roles of parents and carers if they didn't have a role model growing up.
165
How do multiple commitments influence the roles parents and carers take on?
- restricts time spent with dependant
- must delegate tasks and plan to ensure their dependant's needs are met and they remain under supervision
- the parent or carer's other commitments may benefit the dependant e.g. work benefits economic wellbeing and adequate standard of living, playing sport can promote wellbeing
166
How does previous experience the roles parents and carers take on?
Parents and carers with previous experience caring for a dependant are more prepared and qualified. Formal carers have to complete placements before getting their qualification and applying for a job. Parents are likely to copy their parents parenting style and are more likely to become parents if they had a positive experience growing up in their family. Family members may opt to become informal carers because someone close to them had a negative experience under formal care. Carers with family trauma may struggle to fulfil the roles of parents and carers if they didn't have a role model growing up.
167
How do religion and values influence the roles parents and carers take on?
Parents aim to raise their children with the same values, culture and religion. This might involve taking their child to cultural events, a place of worship, a religious school or emphasising certain values through their parenting.
168
How does education influence the roles parents and carers take on?
Parents who are educated on parenting are better prepared for caring. First time parents typically seek to enhance their knowledge and skills on parenting before their child arrives. This might look like joining a mothers group, reading information on the Emerging Minds website etc. Educated parents are more likely to have come across support services and therefore know what is available to them. Parents and carers in a unique situation may choose to do extra research. For example, an informal carer may reach out to the Dementia Support Australia advice line if their dependant has dementia. Formal carers must recieve relevant education.
169
How does socioeconomic status influence the roles parents and carers take on?
Some parents with high socioeconomic status spend more time at work than with their children. However, parents with low socioeconomic status may experience the same challenge if they have to work overtime or multiple jobs.
Parents with high socioeconomic status have more disposable income, therefore they can afford opportunities such as private school, university and extra curricular activities for their children.
Caring professions (e.g. teachers, early childhood educators, paramedics, aged care workers) are notoriously underpaid.
Wealthy families are more likely to opt for formal care such as aged care.
170
How do special needs influence the roles parents and carers take on?
Disabled parents and carers may have less capacity to meet the needs of their dependant and require extra help.
Disabled dependants typically require more medical care and attention from their carer.
Formal carers are informed about what kind of intellectual and physical abilities the job requires and the health of their dependants.
171
How do community attitudes influence the roles parents and carers take on?
Parents often make parenting decisions based on community attitudes. For example, most parents won't let their child have a mobile phone until they are a teenager because they have adopted a cautious attitude towards screen time and social media. Sometimes parents feel more comfortable taking on a certain role when negative attitudes change. For example, society has an increasingly positive attitude towards highly involved fathers, allowing men to become stay at home Dads or devote more time to building relationship. Lastly, when society evolves to see a certain parenting behaviour as negative, parents are discouraged from the behaviour. For example, discipline through hitting is seen as damaging and the authoritarian parenting style has become less common. This affects informal carers in the same way, whereas formal carers are required to follow government policy and company philosophy.
172
How do gender expectations influence the roles parents and carers take on?
There are distinct gender expectations when it comes to parenting and caring. For example, mothers are expected to be the primary caregiver. As for carers, women are more likely to choose caring professions because of their socialisation and care for their elderly parents. According to The Australian Institute of Family Studies and The Australian Bureau of Statistics, 78% of couple families reported that the mental load of coordinating children was carried by the mother, women are estimated to make up 72% of primary carers, and 95% of all primary carer leave is taken by women. Mothers are also expected to cook for the family, though the expectation is becoming less prevelant. Expectations for men such as the "bread-winner" stereotype, have evolved since women have improved access to a wide range of careers. Because Same-sex partners don't fit these binary expectations, how they choose to share parenting roles might be more balanced. Sole parents take on the primary carer role regardless of gender.
173
How do media sterotypes influence the roles parents and carers take on?
The media can reinforces or defy gender expections, change community attitudes through education or the way certain family structures are depicted, and improve access to services. For example, the movie "Instant Family" might encourage a person to look into becoming a foster carer. A news segment on the importance of vaccinating your children may change community attitudes and therfore parenting choices. The charity "Epic Empowering Parents in Crisis" may reach out to the community through social media and help a parent of a child experiencing mental health crisis build relationship with their child and promote mental wellbeing.
174
Define 'rights'
Rights are entitlements granted by law to ensure fair treatment and essential components of wellbeing. Rights can be defended in the court of law.
175
Define 'responsibilities'
A responsibility is a duty or obligation that is accepted, or put into action.
176
What are the rights of a legally recognised parent?
The Family Act 1975 states that parents have the right to:
- discipline the child through resonable means
- ensure access to education
- consent to the child's adoption
- have their say or make decisions regarding their child's medical treatment
- determine their child's upbringing when it comes to daily care and control
- take a legal proceeding on their child's behalf
177
Which act states the rights of legally recognised parents?
The Family Act 1975
178
What are the rights of a social parent who is not legally recognised as a parent e.g. foster carer or step-parent
- they may apply for custody or seek to adopt (foster carer's who seek to adopt should have already discussed a permanency plan rather than a plan to reunite the child with their birth parents)
- they can make temporary, low impact decisions when it comes to caring for the child
- foster carer's have the right to be informed about the child's history and needs
- foster carer's have the right to be involved in the "care team" and case planning
- foster carer's have the right to have certain agency decisions reviewed by a tribunal
179
What are the rights of an informal carer with an elderly or disabled dependant
About the same as formal, paid carers.
180
What are the rights of a paid carer
- they have the right to recognition and acknowlegment in their role under the Carer Recognition Act 2012
- the right to be consulted when it comes to the assessment of their dependant and the planning of care stragies and services for them
- entitled to recieve information about support services, training and respite
- they may apply for the carer payment or allowance
- the right to respite (however this is not always possible because of high demand)
- Covered under the Anti-Discrimination Amendment (Carers’ Responsibilities) Act 2000
- to request a flexible schedule and carers’ leave. (Fair Work Act 2009)
181
What are the rights of a carer who is a legal gaurdian to a child
About the same as legally recognised parents
182
What are the rights of a child
Under the Family Law Act 1975, children have the right to:
- safety and protection from violence, abuse and neglect
- be cared for by their parents or have an upbringing that preserves their unique cultural identity and family connections
- express their opinions freely on matters affecting them
Other legislation
- Children with physical or mental handicaps have a specific right to special treatment, tailored education, and professional care to ensure their full participation in society
- be protected from economic exploitation
- access high-quality healthcare, nutrition, and a standard of living that supports their physical and mental development
- education
UNCRC
- non-discrimination, meaning rights apply to every child regardless of sex, religion or cultural heritage
- life, as in governments must do their best to ensure the survival and healthy development of child
183
What are the rights of an elderly or disabled dependant
- participate in decisions that affect their life
- adequate care, compassion and understanding
- dignity (e.g. respect, how they are addressed, privacy, validation, have their hygiene taken care of if they can't by themself
- be protected from abuse and neglect
- participate in community and activities
- receive services such as medical care, aged care or disability services, end of life support and comfort if their religion offers it
- pursue grievance and access the assistance of an advocate
184
What is the link between human rights and wellbeing
Rights ensure that essential needs are met and harm is prevented. As they are written into law, rights make it possible for needs and entitlements to be defended in court. Wellbeing is inextricably linked to needs as well as reducing harm and boundary violation.
185
What are the responsibilities of parents and carers
- duty of care
- setting limits
- discipline
186
What is duty of care and under what circumstances does each type of parent or carer have duty of care
Duty of care is a legal and moral obligation requiring individuals to take reasonable actions to ensure the safety and well being of those under their supervision.
187
What government act states the rights of a parent
The Family Act 1975
188
What one right did the Carer Recognition Act 2010 introduce
the right of carer's to be recognised and acknowledged for their role
189
What one right did paid carers get from the Fair Work Act 2009
the right to request a flexible schedule and carers’ leave. (Fair Work Act 2009)
190
Carers are covered by...
the Anti Discrimination Amendment Act 2000
191
What is the United Nations thing for children's rights called
United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989)
192
What are children's rights according to the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989)
UNCRC
- non-discrimination, meaning rights apply to every child regardless of sex, religion or cultural heritage
- life, as in governments must do their best to ensure the survival and healthy development of child
(amongst others)
193
How many examples would you include in a response depending on the number of marks its worth?
3 marks- dot points allowed
4 marks- one example
5 marks- 1-2 examples
6 marks- 2-3 examples
7 marks- 3-4 examples
8-10 marks- 4-5 examples
194
Provide examples of informal support for parents and carers
- family and friends
- mothers groups
195
Provide examples of formal support for carers who aren't parents - COMMUNITY ORGANISATIONS EDITION
- Hills Community Aid - carers support group
- The carers foundation emergency care for carers who “aren’t coping”
- ReachOut - informational online articles for the mental wellbeing of teachers
196
Provide examples of formal support for parents - COMMUNITY ORGANISATIONS EDITION
- Emerging minds informational articles online and podcast - advancing the mental health and emotional wellbeing of Australian infants, children, adolescents and their families
- Hills Community Aid - “Parents Again” event for foster carers, grandparents with full custody and kinship carers with full custody
- Hills Community Aid - carers support group
- Epic Empowering Parents in Crisis (for parents supporting their dependants through crisis e.g. mental health crisis)
- Parents of Deaf Children Incorporated - Macquarie Uni
- ReachOut Parents
- Stepfamilies Australia
- Rainbow Families - support for LGBTQI+ parents, especially those who went through adoption or other reproductive technology
- Horizons Family Law Thornleigh
- Australian Breastfeeding Association Helpline
197
Provide examples of formal support for carers who aren't parents - GOVERNMENT AGENCIES EDITION
- Dementia Support Australia - helpline
- Commonwealth Home and Community Care Program
- Dept of Family and Community Services - Carer Gateway
- Centrelink - carer's allowance
198
What's the difference between government agencies and community organisations?
Government agencies are formal support services run directly by the state or federal administration, such as Centrelink or Medicare.
Community organisations are non-government groups providing assistance, like Meals on Wheels or the Salvation Army. They may receive government funding but operate independently.
199
What are the category A (study mandated by NESA) groups for Core 2: Groups in Context
- Youth
- Rural/remote families
200
What are the category B (teacher's option) groups for Core 2: Groups in Context
- Gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgender, intersex, asexual communities (refered to as GLBTIA+ or LGBTIQ+)
201
What are some politically neutral phrases to use in Core 2: Groups In Context for LGBTQI+ communities
- ...encouraging respect
-...addresses the issue of harrassment and discrimination
-...ensures safety and security for marginalised groups
-...promoting tolerance and reducing hateful stigma
-...to respect the autonomy of individuals
-...respecting the psychological boundaries of LGBTQI+ individuals
-...promoting equal access to employment, education and housing
-...upholding anti-discrimination legislation
-...maintaining a safe and respectful environment
-...allowing social participation without harassment
-...upholding human rights
-recognition under law
-gender presentation
-...supporting wellbeing
-...raising awareness to reduce hateful stigma and encourage contructive dialogue and social cohesion
-...upholding the dignity of the person
- ...respecting private boundaries
-pastoral sensitivity
-...respecting individual conscience and autonomy
-exercising duty of care
-...ensuring freedom from harassment
-...ensuring freedom from coercion
-...upholding the dignity of being "seen and heard"
202
What is the acronym for types of services and what does it stand for
FAT LEECH
F-financial support
A- accomodation and housing
T-transport
L-legal aid
E-education
E-employment
C-counselling
H-health care
203
What does FAT LEECH stand for
F-financial support
A- accomodation and housing
T-transport
L-legal aid
E-education
E-employment
C-counselling
H-health care
204
What is the prevelance of LGBTQIA+ people in Australia according to ABS
205
What are the challenges to adequate standard of living for LGBTQI+ people
206
What are the challenges to health for LGBTQI+ people
207
What are the challenges to employment for LGBTQI+ people
208
What are the challenges to safety and security for LGBTQI+ people
209
What are the challenges to sense of identity for LGBTQI+ people
210
What are some examples of support services for LGBTQI+ people
- Minus18 (LGBTQI+ support for youth)
- National LGBTI Health Alliance
- Equality Australia - legal, policy and communications campaigns
- The Trevor Project - suicide prevention for LGBTQI+ people, crisis counselling over the phone as well as public education
- Rainbow Families
- Beyond Blue Families Like Mine - multimedia guide with advice, information and a video playlist
211
What does Minus18 do to support LGBTQI+ people and what type of service is it
212
What does LGBTQI+ Health Australia do to support LGBTQI+ people and what type of service is it (duplicate and do for each service)
213
What does Equality Australia do to support LGBTQI+ people and what type of service is it
214
What does The Trevor Project do to support LGBTQI+ people and what type of service is it
215
What are some examples of support services for youth
- Kids Helpline
- Youth Law Australia - free legal representation for youth in crisis
- Headspace
- KYDS - youth counselling
- PCYC employability programs for youth
- My Foundations Youth Housing
- Youth in motion - free tutoring for kids in NSW struggling with school
- 2 Connect Youth and Community i.e. youth homelessness, mental health and wellbeing, education, alcohol and drug education
- Dylan Alcott Foundation - sport, education, mentorship, and disability advocacy for disabled youth
- Feel The Magic - helping grieving kids heal
- Minus18 - LGBTQ support for youth
- Dolly's Dream - preventing bullying and suicide due to bullying
- Live, Learn, Survive (emergency and natural disaster training for children and youth)
216
What does Youth Law do to support youth and what type of service is it
Free legal representation and legal advice for youth e.g. if a youth was having their rights violated because of abuse for example
Type = legal aid
217
What does Kids Helpline do to support youth and what type of service is it
Phone and webchat counselling as well as online resources that provide information/education on topics relevant to mental health, school, relationships and social work for children an youth
Type = counselling, education
218
What does Headspace do to support youth and what type of service is it
219
What does My Foundations Youth Housing do to support youth and what type of service is it (duplicate card for other services)
220
What does Orange Sky do to support the homeless and what type of service is it
221
What does Remote and Isolated Support in Education do to support rural and remote families and what type of service is it
222
What does Youth In Motion do to support youth and what type of service is it
223
What does Hills Community Aid do to support the homelessness and what type of service is it
224
What does Meals on Wheels NSW do to support the homeless and what type of service is it
225
What are some examples of support services for the homeless
- Orange Sky - hygiene for the homeless
- Hills Community Aid - hills homeless prevention initiative
- Hills Community Aid - financial crisis emergency relief
- 2 Connect Youth and Community i.e. youth homelessness
- My Foundations Youth Housing
- Rural outreach and support service - homelessness support
- Homelessness NSW
- Meals on Wheels NSW
- Food Bank
226
What are some examples of support services for rural and remote families
- Rural outreach and support service - homelessness support
- Royal Flying Doctors Service
- Rural outreach and support service - life skills workshop including budgeting and cooking
- Rural outreach and support service - support groups for men, women and LGBTIQ
- Rural care link inc at Jindera - donating clothing, essential household items and sometimes a public relief fund to families in the community who are in need
- Remote and Isolated Support in Education - Literacy & Numeracy learning support programs and early intervention to children (birth to the end of primary school
- Rural care link inc at Jindera - counselling for members of the community
- Farm Angels - support for rural farms
- Rural Aid
- Indigenous Literacy Foundation
227
What does The Royal Flying Doctors Service do to support rural and remote families and what type of service is it
228
What does the Rural Outreach and Support Service do to support rural and remote families and what type of service is it
229
What does the Rural Care Link Inc. in Jindera do to support rural and remote families and what type of service is it
230
What does Rural Aid do to support rural and remote families and what type of service is it
231
What is the acronym for aspects of a service and what does it stand for
LOCS, which stand for...
L-location
O-opening hours
C-confidentiality
S-staffing
232
What does the acronym LOCS stand for
L-location
O-opening hours
C-confidentiality
S-staffing
233
What government policies create positive social environments and equity for LGBTQI+ people
234
What legislation creates equity and positive social environments for LGBTQI+ people
235
What community organisations create equity and positive social environments for LGBTQI+ people (hint: some are also considered support services)
236
Name an equity issue that concerns LGBTQI+ people
237
Differentiate government policy and legislation
Legislation refers to laws passed by governments, which if broken incur penalties. Policies, on the other hand, are guidelines or plans of action - sometimes created in response to legislation or data. Policies can be implemented by various levels of government or organisations.
238
note to self: option is social impact of technology
239
What did the Human Rights (sexual conduct) Act 1994 do for LGBTQI+ people
240
What did the Marriage Amendment (Definition and Religious Freedoms) Bill 2017 do for LGBTQI+ people
241
What did the Sex Discrimination Amendment Act (Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity and Intersex Status) 2013 do for LGBTQI+ people
242
What did the Adoption Amendment (same-sex couples) Bill 2010 (NSW) do for LGBTQI+ people
243
What did the Surrogacy Act 2010 (NSW) do for LGBTQI+ people
244
Define advocacy
Advocacy is the deliberate process of speaking on behalf of individuals or groups to influence decision making and ensure equitable access to rights, resources, and social support systems.
245
How has the LGBTQI+ group utilised advocacy to make a difference in community attitudes and ultimately improve wellbeing
246
Define equity
Equity is a fundamental component of human rights, aimed at achieving equality by recognising unique needs and addressing systemic disadvantage.
247
Define equity issue
Equity issues are systemic barriers or unfair resource distributions preventing individuals from achieving just outcomes and social wellbeing through support tailored to their specific needs.
248
What are the three main methods of advocacy
- raising awareness within the community
- educating the community
- promoting the rights of the group
249
What is lobbying
Influencing legal decisions or government officials by way of direct communication, advocacy, forming a group or union, or petitioning.
250
Define community attitudes
Community attitudes encompass beliefs, behaviour and acceptance
251
Define youth
The United Nations has established that youth are aged 15 to 24. This age range aligns best with the transtion from compulsory education to tertiary education and employment.
252
What is the prevalence of youth in Australia
The latest data from ABS indicates that youth make up about 13% of Australia's population.
253
Define legislation
Legislation consists of formal rules and statutes enacted by a governing body that mandate specific behaviors and provide legal protections for individuals and groups within society. These laws establish the mandatory framework for social conduct and resource allocation while ensuring that those who violate established standards face legally enforceable consequences.
254
Define policy
Policy is a set of strategic guidelines or principles designed to direct decision making and achieve specific social outcomes. It outlines the intended actions of organisations or governments to address community needs, manage resources, and improve the wellbeing of individuals and families through structured programs and services.
255
Define the LGBTQIA+ group
The LGBTQIA+ group is comprised of individuals with diverse sexual orientations and gender identities.
256
What are some academic words to use instead of homophobia
prejudice, bias, oppression, intolerance, discrimination, xenophobia, heterosexism, ignored, heteronormativity
257
What are the two main priority needs for youth
Education and sense of identity
258
How does one or more characteristic of a youth impact their access to services?
259
Define homeless
Homeless individuals do not have sufficient access to safe and secure housing.
260
What is the prevelance of homelessness in Australia and according to who/what?
261
Describe the diversity within the group "the homeless"
You could have...
- Individuals who are homeless because of job loss
- Individuals who are homeless because of financial hardship
- Individuals who are homeless because of debt due to medical bills
- Individuals who are homeless because of debt due to addiction
- Children who are homeless because their parents are homeless
- Children in the system who are yet to be placed in a foster home
- Youth who were disowned by their families
- Youth who haven't found their feet yet
- Individuals who escaped abuse such as domestic violence
- Individuals affected by generational poverty or generational barriers to education
- Individuals who moved out of the family home after divorce/separation
- Individuals who struggle to find employment because of complex mental health issues
- Individuals who have left foster care, hospital or prison without proper support moving forward
262
What are two priority needs for homeless people
adequate standard of living and safety & security
263
What are the two priority needs for LGBTQIA+ people
Sense of identity and health (primarily mental health)
264
Define priority need
A priority need is the need of most importance for an individual or group depending on their circumstance.
265
What are the challeges to adequate standard of living for youth?
266
What are the challeges to sense of identity for youth?
267
What is education so important for youth?
268
Why is employment so important for a homeless individual?
269
Why is adequate standard of living so important for a homeless individual?
270
What are the challenges to health for homeless people
271
What are the challenges to safety and security for homeless people
272
Define LGBTQIA+
The LGBTQIA+ group is comprised of individuals with diverse gender identities and sexual orientations.
273
How does having little resources impact access to services for a homeless person
274
How does one or more the characteristic of an LGBTQIA+ individual impact their access to services
275
How does one or more characteristic of a homeless person impact their access to services
276
List two examples of government legislation that support a positive social environment for the homeless
277
List two examples of government legislation that support a positive social environment for youth
278
What did the The National Affordable Housing Agreement (NAHA) do for homeless people
279
What did the NSW Government Protocol for Homeless People in Public Places do for homeless people
280
List an example of government policy that supports homeless people
The NSW Government Protocol for Homeless People in Public Places
281
Is the NSW Government Protocol for Homeless People in Public Places policy or legislation?
policy
282
What is the major equity issue for the homeless
- unequitable access employment and to rights such as an adequate standard of living and freedom from abuse
283
What is the major equity issue for youth
- a lack of support for the group's unique need for financial stability in a time of transition (though there are a number of government initiatives and community organisations that recognised this and are helping) - exacerbated by the cost of living crisis and cost of tertiary education
284
List an example of government policy that supports youth
285
What government policy, legislation and community organisations exemplify advocacy for the LGBTQIA+ group
286
What government agencies support homeless people
287
What government agencies support youth
288
What government agencies support the LGBTQIA+ group
289
What government agencies support rural and remote families
290
What government policy, legislation and community organisations exemplify advocacy for youth
291
What government policy, legislation and community organisations exemplify advocacy for the homeless
292
What government policy, legislation and community organisations exemplify advocacy for rural and remote families
293
Define rural and/or remote family
294
Describe the prevelance of rural and remote families and cite your source
295
What are the priority needs for rural and remote families?
health and employment
296
What are the challenges to health for rural and remote families? Provide a statistic.
297
What are the challenges to employment for rural and remote families?
298
How does location impact rural and remote families access to services?
299
How do limitations/aspects of a service impact access to services for rural and remote families
300
List examples of government legislation that support rural and remote families
301
List an example of government policy that supports rural and remote families
302
How does (insert government legislation here) support rural and remote families
303
How does (insert government legislation here) support rural and remote families
304
How does (insert government policy here) support rural and remote families
305
How does (insert government legislation here) support youth
306
How does (insert government policy here) support youth
307
How does (insert government legislation here) support youth
308
What is the main equity issue for rural and remote families?
- unfair access to and distribution of resources and services like technology, transport services, health care etc.
- indigenous communities not recieving support for their unique needs or having disadvantaged access to things like literacy education and health care
309
Flashcards
flashcards
Decks in class (8)
# Cards
