what is the formula for marginal utility
muA/pA = muB/pB
mu = marginal utility
p = price
formula for PED
% change in quantity demanded / % change in price
formula for YED
% change in quantity demanded / % change in income
formula for XED
% change in quantity demanded for good X / % change in price of good Y
formula for PES
% change in quantity supplied / % change in price
what is the productivity formula
total output per period of time / total units produced
formula of labour productivty
total output/number of workers
formula for capital productivity
output /capital input
formula for average fixed costs
fixed cost / output
formula for average variable costs
total variable cost / output
formula for average total costs
total cost / output
how to calculate MRP
MPPL x price
calculation for wage elasticity of demand
% change in labour demanded / % change in wages
what is the formula for elasticity of supply for labour
% change in quantity of labour supplied / % change in wages
how to calculate index numbers
change in raw value / base year x 100
what is the equation for yield
annual coupon payment / current bond price x 100
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Micro 4.1.1 methodology and economic problem19
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Micro 4.1.2 Individual economic decision making47
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Micro 4.1.3 price determination in competitive markets39
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Micro 4.1.4 Production, costs and revenue48
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Micro 4.1.5 Market structure58
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Micro 4.1.6 Labour market65
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Micro 4.1.7 distribution of income and wealth27
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Micro 4.1.8 Market failure, Market mechanism and government intervention77
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Micro application10
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Micro exam questions7
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Macro 4.2.1 Measurements of macroeconomic performance35
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Macro 4.2.2 circular flow of income and AD/AS26
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Macro 4.2.3 Economic performance50
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Macro 4.2.4 financial markets and monetary policy80
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Macro 4.2.5 fiscal policy and supply side policies51
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Macro 4.2.6 international economy95
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Macro 4.2.6 balance of payments32
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Macro application25
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Macro exam questions7
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Calculations16
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Elasticity12
