What is training?
An organisation’s planned efforts to help employees acquire job-related knowledge, skills, abilities, and behaviours, with the goal of applying these on the job.
Training can benefit the organization when it is linked to organisational needs and motivates employees.
Why is training related to organisational needs?
- Nature of today’s business environment makes training important.
- Rapid change requires that employees continually learn new skills.
- Growing reliance on teamwork creates a demand for the ability to solve problems in teams, an ability that often requires formal training.
What is instructional design?
Process of systematically developing training to meet specified needs.
An effective training program is designed to teach skills and behaviours that will help the organization achieve its goals.
HR professionals approach training through instructional design.
What is the learning management systems (LMS)?
A computer application that automates the administration, development, and delivery of training programs.
What is LMS used for?
LMS is used to carry out instructional design process more efficiently and effectively.
What can LMS be linked to?
LMS can be linked to the organization’s performance management system to plan for and manage:
- Training needs
- Training outcomes
- Associated rewards
What are needs assessment?
Process of evaluating the organization, individual employees, and employees’ tasks to determine what kinds of training, if any, are necessary.
What are the three questions that needs assessment answer?
- Organization: What is the context in which training will occur?
R.:
Organization analysis looks at training needs in the light of:
- The organization’s strategy
- Resources available for training
- Management’s support for training activities. - Person: who needs training?
- Task: What subjects should training cover?
R.:
- Job’s equipment and environment
- Time constraints
- Safety considerations
- Performance standards
What is readiness for training?
A combination of employee characteristics and positive work environment that permit training.
Necessary employee characteristics:
- Ability to learn subject matter
- Favorable attitudes toward training
- Motivation to learn
A positive work environment encourages learing and avoids interfering with training.
What does planning the Training Program begin with?
Based on the objectives for the training program, what does the planner decide?
The characteristics of effective training objectives include statements of what?
Planning begins with establishing objectives for the training program.
Based on those objectives, planner decides:
- Who will provide the training
- What topics the training will cover
- What training methods to use
- How to evaluate the training
Characteristics of Effective Training Objectives include statements of:
1. Expectations
2. Quality or level of acceptable performance
3. Conditions under which the employee is to apply what he or she learned.
4. Measurable performance standards.
5. Resources needed to carry out desired performance or outcome.
What are the categories of training methods?
Presentation methods: Trainees receive information provided by others.
Techniques: Lectures, workbooks, video clips, podcasts, websites.
Applications: Conveying facts or comparing alternatives.
Hands-on methods: Trainees are actively involved in trying out skills.
Techniques: On-the-job training, simulations, role-plays, computer games.
Applications: Teaching specific skills; showing how skills are related to job or how to handle interpersonal issues.
Group-building methods: Trainees share ideas and experiences, build group identities, learn about interpersonal relationships and the group.
Techniques: Group discussions, experiential programs, team training.
Applications: Establishing teams or work groups; managing performance of teams or work groups.
List the types of training method
- Classroom Instructions
- Audiovisual Training
- Computer-Based Training
- On-the-Job Training
- Simulations
- Business Games & Case Studies
- Behavior Modeling
- Experimental Programs
- Team Training
- Action Learning
What is the utility of using Instructional Methods?
Percentage of Student Hours Delivered by Each Training Method:
- Instructor-led classroom: 42%
- Blended (combination of methods): 24%
- Online or computer-based: 22%
- Virtual classroom/webcast: 11%
- Social network or mobile: 1%
Mobile technology is useful for employees who travel and need to be in touch with the office.
Mobile devices also give employees the ability to listen to and participate in training programs at their own leisure.
Computer-Based Training
What is E-learning?
Involves receiving training via internet or intranet.
E-learning uses electronic networks for delivering and sharing information, offers tools, links and information for helping trainees improve performance.
Computer-Based Training
What are electronic performance support systems (EPSS)?
Provide access to skills training, information, and expert advice when a problem occurs on the job.
As employees need to learn new skills, they can use EPSS to access needed information and detailed instructions.
characteristics of on-the-job training (OJT)
What are the characteristics of on-the-job training (OJT)?
- Issue a policy statement describing purpose of OJT emphasizing organization’s support for it.
- Specify who is accountable for conducting OJT and should review OJT practices at similar companies.
- Train managers and peers in OJT principles.
- Provide employees access to lessons plans, checklists, procedure manuals, training manuals, learning contracts, and progress report forms.
- Assess employee’s level of basic skills, before conducting OJT with an employee.
Other Training Methods
What are simulations?
Training method that represents a real-life situation, with trainees making decisions resulting in outcomes that mirror what would occur on the job.
Uses avatars and virtual reality.
Other Training Methods
What are case studies?
Detailed descriptions of a situation that trainees study and discuss.
Other Training Methods
What are business games?
Require trainees to gather and analyze information and make decisions that influence the outcome.
Other Training Methods
What are experiential programs?
Participants learn concepts and apply them by simulating behaviors involved and analyzing the activity and connecting it with real-life situations.
Other Training Methods
What is adventure learning?
A teamwork and leadership training program based on use of challenging, structured outdoor activities.
Other Training Methods
What are communities of practise?
Groups of employees work together, learn from each other, and develop a common understanding of how to get work accomplished. It also may assign experienced employees to act as mentors who provide advice and support to trainees.
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What is one for he most important features of organisations nowadays?
Teamwork. Training programs might include team-building exercises like wall climbing and rafting to help build trust and cooperation among employees.
What are the principles of learning?
- Employees are most likely to learn when training is linked to their current job experiences and tasks.
- Employees need a chance to demonstrate and practice what they have learned.
- Trainees need to understand whether or not they are succeeding.
- Well-designed training helps people remember content.
- Written materials should have an appropriate reading level.
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Capitulo 1 - The HR Environment35
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Capitulo 2 - Job Analysis & Job Design25
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Capitulo 3 - HR Planning & Recruiting12
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Capitulo 4 - Selection24
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Capitulo 5 - Training31
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Capitulo 6 - Employee Development24
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Capitulo 7 - Performance Management33
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Capitulo 8 - Separation & Retention31
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Capitulo 9 - Compensation26
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Capitulo 10 - Incentives24
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Capitulo 11 - International HRM33
